A MYB transcription factor（TF）（GenBank accession number：MDP0000894463）was
cloned from Malus × domestica‘Royal Gala’. Sequence analysis showed that the length of this gene
was 729 bp，which encoded 243 amino acids. It was predicted that the molecular mass of this protein was
26.34 kD，and pI was 9.29. Phylogenetic tree indicated that our cloned apple MYB TF exhibited the
highest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis AtMYB73，so named MdMYB73. Analysis of functional
domain showed that the MdMYB73 protein included the conserved R2R3-type MYB domain. Quantitative
real-time PCR（qRT-PCR）analysis demonstrated that the MdMYB73 gene was extensively expressed in
different tissues and organs of apple. Specially，the expression level of MdMYB73 was relatively higher in apple leaves and flowers. Meanwhile，the expression of MdMYB73 was obviously induced by salt stress. In
addition，ectopic expression of MdMYB73 decreased salt stress resistance in Arabidopsis，indicating that
MdMYB73 negatively regulated the salt tolerance. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of
salt stress-related genes AtSOS1，AtSOS3 and AtNHX1 were significantly decreased in transgenic
Arabidopsis plants，suggesting that MdMYB73 negatively regulated SOS pathway. Finally，salt-tolerance
assay indicated that overexpression of MdMYB73 remarkably decreased the tolerance of transgenic apple
callus to high salinity，further supporting that MdMYB73 negatively control salt tolerance in apple.

The G protein-coupled receptor gene MdGCR1 was cloned by combination of the
homologous clone and PCR technology from apple（Malus × domestica‘Royal Gala’）. The Open Reading
Frame（ORF）of MdGCR1 contained 960 bp，encoding a protein of 319 amino acid residues. Phylogenetic
analysis showed that MdGCR1 had the highest evolutionary relationship with GCR1 from pear. The results
of transcriptional level showed that expression of MdGCR1 was main in root，stem and leaf and the
expression in flower and fruit tissues was lower. The gene expression of MdGCR1 was induced by multiple
stress treatments and was regulated in response to hormones. Transgenic tobacco was generated by
Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. Tobacco that ectopic expression of MdGCR1 showed
more sensibility to drought stress，indicating that G protein-coupled receptor gene MdGCR1 played an
important role in plant drought stress.

One important blossom transcription factor SQUMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN
LIKE（SPL）was separated and cloned by RT-PCR from the buds on the top of spurs in‘Fuji’apple tree.
The open reading frame of MdSPL6 was 570 bp，encoding a protein of 189 amino acids. Sequence
alignment analysis showed that MdSPL6 shared a highly conserved SBP domain and bipartite nuclear
localization signal（NLS），and it belonged to the SBP family. Additional，there were high homology of
amino acid sequences between MdSPL6 and AtSPL3，AtSPL4，AtSPL5. The results showed that，the
transcription level of MdSPL6 was different among the stem，leaf，flower，fruit and bud，and it showed
higher level in buds and leaves. MdSPL6 was also higher in the buds of‘Yanfu 6’than in‘Changfu 2’. Meanwhile，exogenous GA repressed the expression of MdSPL6 at 40 and 60 DAFB，while showed
upgrade and then descending after exogenous 6-BA treatment. Additional，the expression of MdSPL6
increased after exogenous sugar treatment. MdSPL6 plays important roles in hormone and sugar mediated
flowering，which may be used as a target gene in regulation of apple flower induction.

The berry traits of 252 grape cultivars（including 111 cultivars of hybrids of Vitis vinifera
and V. labrusca，and 141 cultivars of V. vinifera）were investigated. Grape samples from veraison stage，
mature stage and full mature stage were collected and treated by immersing into the water，and then the
relationship between berry traits and the cracking rate was analyzed，and the cracking rates of the cultivars
of hybrids of V. vinifera and V. labrusca and V. vinifera were analyzed. The results showed that grape berry
cracking includes ring cracking，vertical cracking，vertical-ring cracking and crevasse cracking. The berry
cracking in V. vinifera was more serious than that in hybrids of V. vinifera and V. labrusca. Moreover，
grapes at mature stage have higher cracking rate than the other two stages，and cultivars with small grape
berry were easy to suffer from cracking，while cultivars with thick skin and soft flesh were not easy to
suffer from cracking. By studying the relationship between grape berry traits and berry cracking，we can
get insights into the mechanism of grape cracking. Moreover，it can provide guidelines for the reduction of
the cracking rate of grape and theoretical foundation for the selection of cultivars and parents in viticulture
and breeding.

‘Ruidu Xiangyu’，‘Ruidu Hongmei’，‘Ruidu Zaohong’，‘Ruidu Hongyu’，‘Ruidu
Cuixia’and their parents‘Jingxiu’，‘Xiangfei’were used as materials. Headspace solid phase
micro-extraction（HS-SPME）and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC–MS）combined with
automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System（AMDIS）were employed to analyze the free terpene contents in the seven varieties，to explicate their flavor characteristics. The results showed
that a total of 29 terpenes were identified，but the concentration varied among different varieties. The total
terpene concentration in‘Xiangfei’and‘Ruidu Xiangyu’was over 1 000 μg · L-1，while‘Ruidu Hongmei’，
‘Ruidu Zaohong’and‘Ruidu Hongyu’had similar concentration，the terpene in‘Ruidu Cuixia’and
‘Jingxiu’were both lower than 50 μg · L-1.‘Xiangfei’and‘Ruidu Xiangyu’had the highest OAVs，
the OAVs in‘Ruidu Cuixia’and‘Jingxiu’were less than 1，these results roughly corresponded to the
multiple years sensory analysis data. As principal component analysis（PCA）results showed that，the
cumulative variance contribution ratio of the first two principal components is 84.79%. The representative
variables of the first principal component include (E,Z)-alloocimene， (Z)-alloocimene ，linalool，
(E)-β-ocimene，(Z)-β-ocimene，limonene，terpinolene，cis-rose oxide，trans-rose oxide and β-myrcene，
and the representative ones of the second principal component have geraniol，geranial，γ-geraniol，neral
and trans-furan linalool oxide. Floral and fruity are the most prominent aroma characteristics of these free
terpenes，in which linalool，limonene，cis-rose oxide and trans-rose oxide contributing to the floral aroma，
while linalool，limonene，geraniol having fruity aroma.

Nested variance and cluster analysis were performed to assess the phenotypic diversity of
80 Chinese cherry landraces（Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.）from seven distribution regions. A total of 26
morphological traits including leaf，fruit and stone phenotype were applied in this study. The results
showed：（1）Significant differences were detected among 12 qualitative characters，with Shannon-Wiener
indexes ranged from 0.61 to 1.64. The genetic traits with high diversity also displayed in fruit shape peel
color，leaf shape and stone lateral shape.（2）For 14 quantitative traits，significant variance was detected
both among and within populations. The average variation coefficient（CV）among quantitative traits is
9.93%，with the highest value 24.80% in carpopodium length，and the lowest in apical view index （6.61%）. Among 7 distribution regions，the highest value of CV was detected in Yunnan（12.92%），
and lowest in Anhui（7.42%）. （3）Five principal components with the variance cumulative contribution
rate of 80.9434% were obtained based on the principal component analysis，which could account for the
majority variation of the traits. （4）Based on Nei’s genetic distance cluster analysis and principal coordinate
analysis（PCoA），all the 80 accessions were classified into two major clusters. The accessions from
Shandong，Henan and Anhui province classified as a cluster，and the individuals from Sichuan，Yunnan，
Guizhou and Chongqing formed another one. This result indicates that Chinese cherry landraces in
different geographic regions exhibit difference of phenotypic diversity，and this might be caused by
various domestication processes from different geographic sites.

Distributed in Dabie mountain area of the central China，the androecious genotype，‘Male
8’，probably derived from Chinese pollination constant & non-astringent persimmon（C-PCNA）hybrids
or its natural variation. Although its application value in being dedicated pollinated varieties of PCNA has
been reported，its application potential as breeding parent of PCNA is undefined. In this study，the hybrid
individual，H8-2，derived from‘Huashi 1’（pollination variant & astringent persimmon，PVA）בMale
8’was taken as test materials. It was classified as PCNA type with the characteristic of natural
astringency-loss in PCNA persimmons by determining tannin content，tannin cell size and other indexs of
fruit，compared with common C-PCNA，Japanese PCNA persimmon（J-PCNA） and non-PCNA.
According to the present research on genetic features of PCNA persimmon，the new individual of PCNA may generate in F1 populations when hybridize between J-PCNA types or one of the parents is C-PCNA.
Thus，the study firstly demonstrated that Chinese androecious genotype，‘Male 8’，carried the dominant
gene that control natural loss of astringency in C-PCNA，which will bring an important application
potential as the male parent for the genetic improvement of the PCNA persimmon.

The fruit morphology of fingered citron（Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle）was
tracked from the stage of flower primodium to mature fruit by super depth of field microscope and
scanning electron microscope. It was found that fingered citron fruit fingers were originated from the
ovary rather than stigma. Meanwhile，CmsSUN20，CmsOFP7，CmsOFP12 and CmsYABBY5 were isolated
from fingered citron，which cDNA sequence showed 95% identity with those of sweet orange，as well as
the specific homologous relationships with sweet orange. Furthermore，the phylogenetic tree indicated that
they were clustered with sweet orange in one group，respectively. The expression levels of those four genes
in different tissues（leaf，petal，pistil and stamen）were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR between
the two accessions. CmsSUN20 mRNA levels in fingered citron pistil were significantly higher than that in
Xiangyuan，or named as citron（C. medica L.），while slightly different in other tissues. This result indicated that CmsSUN20 gene may be associated with the fruit development of fingered citron.
CmsYABBY5 gene was highly expressed in both pistil and stamen of fingered citron，but lowly expressed
in leaf，implying CmsYABBY5 play a role during the development of pistil and stamen in fingered citron.
Both the expression levels of CmsOFP7 and CmsOFP12 were higher in four tissues of fingered citron
than those in Xiangyuan，indicating the two genes have insignificant contribution to fruit shaping.

Tomato‘Daliang 5’and hairy mutant strain‘3-071’with high density of trichome were
used as experimental materials to investigate the relationship among exogenous GA，MeJA，IAA，SA and
KT and the levels of endogenous hormones as well as the density of different types of trichome.
Exogenous hormones were sprayed once 3 days. Leaves were sampled for measuring endogenous hormone
levels and observing characteristics of trichomes under microscopy. The results showed that exogenous
GA，MeJA and IAA in both varieties of tomato enhanced the levels of endogenous GA，MeJA and IAA，but reduced the levels of endogenous SA and KT in tomato. Exogenous GA，MeJA and IAA also increased
the number of trichomes types Ⅳ，Ⅵ trichomes. The densities of trichomes types Ⅳ has most
significant effect was presented for the 0.350 mg · L-1 GA，0.200 mg · L-1 MeJA treatment comparing with
the control. The densities of trichomes types Ⅵ has most significant effect was presented for the 35.000
mg · L-1 GA，0.200 mg · L-1 MeJA treatment comparing with the control. The densities of trichomes types
Ⅳ，Ⅵ in both varieties of tomato has significant effect in gradient of concentration IAA. In addition，
exogenous KT enhanced the levels of endogenous SA and KT，whereas reduced the levels of endogenous
GA，MeJA and IAA in tomato. Exogenous SA（0.015，0.150 and 1.500 mg · L-1）reduced the levels of
endogenous GA，MeJA and IAA，but enhanced the levels of endogenous SA and KT in tomato and reduced
the densities of trichomes types Ⅰ，Ⅳ，Ⅵ and 1.500 mg · L-1 SA had the most significant effect
comparing with control and the other treatments. In conclusion，exogenous hormones could affect the
concentration of endogenous hormones so as to regulate trichome formation in tomato.

Watermelon male sterile line Se18 was used as the testing material，changes in antioxidant
enzymes activities and endogenous hormones contents in the lamina and flower bud of this line were
studied. The results showed that the activities of SOD and POD in sterile watermelon plants were markedly increased，while the activity of CAT was declined. However，the activity of CAT in fertile
watermelon plants was markedly increased，while the activities of SOD and POD were declined.
Moreover，the contents of IAA，ABA，GA3，ZR，JA，BR and IPA exhibited different variation trends
between sterile and fertile plants throughout the whole male flow buds development stage，and the
difference in contents between them was also significant at each stage. The declining of IAA，GA3，BR and
IPA contents and rising of JA content might be closely connected with the occurrence of watermelon male
sterility. But the declining of JA，BR，GA3 and IPA contents and rising of IAA and ZR contents in fertile
watermelon plants. Significant declining of IAA，ZR and BR and distinctive rising of ABA and JA contents
in the lamina of sterile plants were observed. Inconsistent variation trend was found in terms of
IAA/ABA，IAA/GA3，IAA/JA，IAA/ZR，IAA/BR，IAA/IPA，ABA/GA3 and ABA/ZR between the male
sterile and fertile plants and the difference was great. Therefore，we speculated that the changes in
antioxidative enzymes activities and abnormal endogenous hormones levels might be responsible for the
occurrence of male sterility in watermelon.

This paper reported the effects of calcium cyanamide（CaCN2） on control of cucumber
root rot caused by Fusarium solani. Through the examination of disease control effectiveness，plant growth
and other indices，we evaluated the antimicrobial effects of CaCN2 on F. solani in soil at different doses
and different treatment periods by real-time PCR. The minimal detectable concentration of 1 × 101
dRn · g-1 soil was established to monitor the population of F. solani. The results showed that CaCN2
reached its best inhibitory effects on F. solani at the dose of 120 g · m-2. In disinfection period，the
population of pathogen greatly reduced within 3 days，and little pathogen could be detectable at the 9th day.
In plant growing period，the population of this pathogen recovered slowly，and the control efficiency could
reach 66.56%–74.41%.

To explore the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）on the growth，substance content
related to nitrate metabolism，key enzyme activities as well as gene and protein expression in pak-choi
（Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino），the plants grown in nutrient solution with high nitrate
nitrogen were used as sample materials after the seeds were soaked with GABA at the concentration of 5
and 10 mmol · L-1. The results showed that compared with the control and nitrate application treatments，GABA soaking significantly improved the growth of the pak-choi，increased the activities of nitrate
reductase（NR）and nitrite reductase（NiR），glutamic acid decarboxylase（GAD），and gene and protein
expression in leaves. As a result，GABA soaking treatment decreased the contents of nitrate and nitrite
nitrogen in leaves，but the contents of ammomium nitrogen（NH4-N），glutamate（Glu）and endogenous
GABA maintained at a higher level. Further analysis showed that the effect of GABA soaking on nitrogen
metabolism varied with treatment time and concentration. It showed the better result at 0-12 days after
high nitrate application，and the GABA soaking effect at concentration of 5 mmol · L-1；meanwhile，GABA
influenced the key enzyme gene and protein expression was earlier than that of enzyme activities. The
results indicated that GABA soaking treatment promoted plant growth as well as the metabolism of nitrate
reduction and assimilation through the increase of NR and GAD activities，gene and protein expression，
and consequently，reduced nitrate content in leaves，improved yield and quality of pak-choi.

In this study，the AgERF4 gene was cloned from celery variety‘Liuhehuangxinqin’.
Sequence analysis indicated that the length of AgERF4 gene was 597 bp，which encoded 198 amino acids.
It is predicted that the molecular mass of its protein was 21.43 kD，and pI was 8.51. Phylogenetic analysis
indicated that the ERF4 showed high evolutionary conservation among celery and other species. The
AgERF4 belongs to hydrophilic protein. Yeast one-hybrid and β-galactosidase activity assays confirmed
the GCC box-binding activities of AgERF4 factor. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated that the AgERF4 gene
was mainly expressed in leaf blade. The expression profiles of the AgERF4 gene in root and petiole have
no significant difference. When exposed to high or low temperature treatments，the expression level of
AgERF4 gene showed an increased trend at first，followed by a reduction. Under salt treatments，the
transcription of AgERF4 was higher than that of the control. The results suggested that AgERF4 factor
may play important roles in the defense response to abiotic stress in celery.

On the basic of homologous sequences of Camellia japonica，an ascorbate peroxidase
（APX）gene was isolated from the tender leaf in C. azalea by the 3′，5′-RACE technology named
CaAPX1（GenBank Accession ID：KP635267）. The full-length cDNA of CaAPX1 is 1 097 bp，containing
a 753 bp ORF which encodes 250 amino acids. Expression of CaAPX1 in four different heat resistant types
of camellias were analyzed by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that APX1 gene
was expressed in the four camellias differently，where the expression level of APX1 in C. minutiflora was the highest，medium in C. azalea and C. japonica‘Naidong’，and the lowest in C. reticulata
‘Hentiangao’，which indicated that the expression intensity of the APX1 gene was positively associated
with heat resistance in the different camellia. And fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR analysis also
indicated that CaAPX1 was expressed differently in all examined camellia tissues，and the expression
levels in order were tender leaf，flower，seed embryo and flower bud. The highest expression level of
CaAPX1 was tender leaf，approximately ranging 1.29 to 4.26 times as high as other three groups.
Furthermore，the APX activity in transgenic plants increased 2.58–3.81 fold，and the AsA content
increased 2.67–3.56 fold as higher as wild type. In addition，overexpression of CaAPX1 enhanced heat
stress tolerance in transgenic plants and seeds under high temperature stress.

The leaves of‘Zhubo-5’peach in vitro were as the test materials，using the fluorescent
quantitative PCR technology to analysis related gene expression level of anthocyanins biosynthesis via
different concentrations of NaCl，sucrose and KH2PO4 treatment. The result showed，NaCl treatment can
improve the expression level of CHI，UFGT，MYB10，bHLH33 genes，and suppress MYB15 and WD40
genes expression. For CHI gene，sucrose and KH2PO4 treatment can significantly improve its expression，
and within a certain range，the expression levels were positively correlated with concentration and time. The
expression level of UFGT in three concentrations of sucrose began to increase after 8 h，the concentration
of 0.3% was the best. MYB10 gene transcription level increased by sugar processing，consistent with the
CHI. Concentration of 0.8% sucrose treatment decreased bHLH33 expression，concentration of 0.3% and 0.5%，after 8 h showed positive regulation function，and in 0.3% 8 h was the best effect. KH2PO4 treatment
improved UFGT，MYB10，bHLH33 and WD40 expression at 0.2%，and the peak-expression was after 8 h
treatment. In this experiment，sucrose was inhibitory effected on WD40 gene. The result of this study was
to further clarify the mechanism of anthocyanins synthesis and provide certain theoretical basis to improve
ornamental period.

In this experiment，we used one-year-old apple rootstock（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）as
materials and 15N labeled tracer technique as tool，to investigate the effect of using each nitrogen forms in
different time by the index of N utilization and loss. The results showed that in the treatment of 17 May，
the biomass of plant，which was treated with inorganic nitrogen（NH4
+-N and NO3
--N），was obviously
higher than the others. Under the treatment of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen，the 15N utilization
rate of plant reached its maximum 13.68% and 13.25%，which were significantly higher than the 5.25% of
organic nitrogen. The loss of nitrification and ammonia volatilization was also stay low，such as the loss of
NO3
--N through ammonia volatilization，was only account for 1.83% of the nitrogen applied. Under the
treatment of 15 July，the utilization ratio of inorganic nitrogen decreased significantly，but it had hardly effect on the index of utilization ratio and ammonia volatilization loss under the treatment of organic
nitrogen. Therefore，using NH4
+-N and NO3
--N in 17 May is an effective measure to ensure the growth of
plant and high level of nitrogen utilization，and when they are applied in 15 July，reasonable collocation of
organic nitrogen can reduce the loss of nitrogen efficiently.

In this study，the coat protein gene（cp，594 bp）of Grapevine virus B（GVB）was amplified
from grapevine by RT-PCR using primers designed according to previous reported GVB sequences. After
sequence determination and analysis，the cp gene of preponderant isolate GVB-JFL was inserted into
expression vector pET-28a and constructed recombinant plasmid pET-GVB cp，pET-GVB cp was then
transformed into E. coli BL21（DE3）and induced by IPTG. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the coat
protein（approximately 26 kD）was induced at a high level. The purified coat protein was used as antigen
for raising antiserum in rabbits，and the specificity of the antiserum was tested by ELISA and dot-ELISA.
The results showed that the antiserum could be successfully used to detect GVB in the infected Nicotiana
occidentalis and grapevine，but had no reaction with the healthy plants and Grapevine virus A（GVA，
another member of vitiruses）infected plants，the antibody titer for positive samples could be up to 1︰4 000，
and 9 of the 16 field samples detected after inoculated in tobacco were positive，these results indicated that the antiserum obtained in the study could be used for efficient and specific detection of GVB.

We used Qiyuexian Chinese jujube trees to study the varying patterns of soluble sugar，
protein，and C，N，P in the fine roots and leaves from different phenological periods（germination stage，
leaf extension early stage，leaf extension middle stage，whole leaf stage，fruit maturation stage，defoliation
stage）. The results showed that：（1）The contents of soluble sugar，protein and organic carbon increased
with increasing root order，whereas the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus decreased；（2）
Soluble sugar and protein contents in fine roots changed as a“W”curve，first increasing and then
decreasing in the leaves；（3）Organic carbon content in fine roots decreased until the fruit reached a mature
stage and then increased，decreasing initially and then increasing，and decreasing again in the leaves；the
lowest value was observed in the middle of the leaf extension stage；（4）Total nitrogen content in fine roots
first decreased and then increased，decreasing again in the leaves；the lowest value was observed in the whole leaf and defoliation stages；（5）Total phosphorus content initially decreased and then increased，
followed by another decrease in fine roots，which continued in the leaves until the defoliation period and
then increased；（6）The contents of soluble sugar，protein，organic carbon，total nitrogen and total
potassium in fine root had no obvious correlation with leaf，which need be studied deeply.

AcSERK1 is preferentially expressed during the early stage of somatic embryogenesis in
pineapple（Ananas comosus）. In order to study its transcriptional regulation，the transcription start site and
starting characteristics of the 5′ upstream regulatory sequences were identified. The full length of its 5′
upstream regulatory sequence was isolated by hiTAIL-PCR from pineapple genomic DNA. The
transcription start site confirmed by 5′ RACE was located at 258 nt from 5′ upstream of the translation start
codon（ATG）. A plant expression vector，AcSERK1（–2 090/+258）︰︰GUS，was constructed by inserting
AcSERK1（–2 090/+258）into the plasmid vector pBI121 whose promoter CaMV 35S was replaced.
Transient expression of GUS ananlysis of the promoter activity in different tissues and organs of pineapple
was conducted. All above demostrated that the promoter of AcSERK1 turned on GUS expression only in
embryogenic cell，which is the same as its behaviour on AcSERK1.

Two genes encoding phytoene dehydrogenase（PDS）BaPDS1 and BaPDS2 were cloned by
RT-PCR from white flower Chinese kale（Brassica alboglabra Bailey）. They were deposited in GenBank
with accession number KX426039 and KX426040 respectively. BaPDS1 and BaPDS2 each contained an
open reading frame of 1 692 bp or 1 698 bp in length，encoding 563 and 565 amino acids，respectively.
Phylogeny derived from the retrieved relative homologous counterparts of other species demonstrated that
the PDS proteins are relatively conserved in plant evolution. A closest phylogenetic relationship of PDS
genes was found among Chinese kale，cabbage，Chinese cabbage，and cauliflower. Semi quantitative
RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of PDS genes differ significantly at both temporal and spatial
levels. The relative expression levels of BaPDSs were lower in germinating seeds，and then sharply
induced thereafter. BaPDS1 was constitutively expressed in different organs of mature stage，while
BaPDS2 abundance was obviously different among organs at the same developmental stage. Particularly，no BaPDS2 was detected in young seeds. The transcription levels of BaPDSs were significantly lower in
sepals than in other flower tissues. BaPDS1 was accumulated in stamens and pistils during blooming.

In potato breeding，it is difficult to improve the traits of interest at the tetraploid level due
to the tetrasomic inheritance. A promising supplement is diploid breeding due to the simple genome. Thus，
it is necessary to assess the genetic diversity of diploid potato germplasm for efficient exploration and
deployment of desirable traits. In this study，we used simple sequence repeat（SSR） markers to evaluate
the genetic diversity of diploid potato cultivars，which can provide a molecular basis for diploid potato
breeding. To screen polymorphic SSR markers，55 pairs of SSR primers were employed to amplify 39
cultivars with relatively distant genetic relationships. Among them，12 SSR markers with high
polymorphism located at 12 chromosomes were chosen to evaluate the genetic diversity of 192 diploid potato cultivars. The primers produced 6 to 18 bands with an average of 8.2 bands per primer. In total，98
bands were amplified from 192 cultivars，97 of which were polymorphic. Cluster analysis using UPGMA
showed the genetic relationships of all accessions tested：One-hundred and eighty-six of the 192 accessions
could be distinguished by only 12 pairs of SSR primers，the 192 diploid cultivars were divided into 11
groups，and 83.3% constituted the first group.

‘Jinxiang’is a new pear cultivar which selected from the cross combination of‘Jinshui 1’
（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.）and the seedling of ‘Korla Xiangli’（P. sinkiangensis Yü）. The fruit shape is
near round with green skin. The average fruit weight is about 260.0 g. The soluble solids content is 11.34%.
The flesh is fine and tender texture with fragrant. The fruit ripens at the beginning of August. The yield is
up to 37.5 t · hm-2.

‘Meibo’is a new peach cultivar which was selected from a‘Tianfeng’בMeiguilu’. The
fruit is round. The attractive red blush covers over 85% of the skin surface. The average fruit weight is 244 g.
The soluble solids content is 12.5%. The flesh is white，firm，sweet，melting and cling stone with strong
aroma and good storability. The fruit development period is 83 days. It ripens in late-June in Hebei with
long duration of harvest. It has high yield.

‘Qiuyan’is a new late-ripening peach cultivar selected from natural seedlings of
‘Yanhong’. The fruit development period is about 130 days. The fruit shape is nearly round，the average
weight is 297 g，and the biggest one is 410 g. More than 90% of the fruit surface is covered with deep red.
The flesh is yellowish-white with red pigment，hard-melting，sweet. The soluble solids content is 12.5%
and the stone is cling. It is tolerant to storage and long-distance transportation with 12.2 kg · cm-2 hardness.
It has high yield with self-fertility.

The new chestnut cultivar‘Yanli’ was selected from the wild seedlings of Chinese
chestnut in Yanshan region. It has excellent characteristics such as early fruiting，high quality，high yield
and strong cold resistance. The average weight of nut is 9.0 g，and uniform，with reddish brown shell. The
density of pubescence is sparse. The hilum size is small. The flesh of nut is milk yellow. The nuts are
suitable for stir-fry purpose，and the texture of flesh is delicate，waxy，sweet，astringent testa easy to peel.
The yield of this cultivar is 3.9 kg per tree，equivalent to 3 907.8 kg · hm-2. The nuts mature in mid
September. The new cultivar is appropriate to be planted in Yanshan region.‘Yanshanzaofeng’，‘Yanlong’
and‘Yankui’are the appropriate pollination cultivars for‘Yanli’.

‘Qianguo 2’is new red flesh pitaya cultivar selected from‘Zihonglong’. Anther could
access to stigma for the length of which were about the same while it blooms. This could reduce the labor
of artificial pollination. Fruits were round，seldom crack and with good coloring. It has purplish red flesh，
well-flavor and black seeds. The average fruit weight is 215 g，Edible rate is 79.5%，the soluble solids
content is 13.8% and the titratable acid content is 0.39%. Each year 8 to 10 batches of blossom fruit.

‘Jinqing 2’is a new Chinese cabbage cultivar which developed by male sterile line
96-14-6-2 as a female parent and self-incompatible line 88-13-8 as a male parent. Its growth period is 85–90
d. The plant height is 64.3 cm in average，there are 67.7 cm in width，55.7 cm in head height and 13.4 cm
in head diameter. Its head shape index is 4.2，and compaction index is 90.4. The head weighs 3.3 kg in
average，and the average net head rate is 69.2%，the net yield is 99 340.5 kg · hm-2. It is resistant to
downy mildew，virus and black rot diseases. The cultivar is suitable for planting in autumn in northeast，
north and southwest of China.

A new Morchella importuna cultivar‘Chuan Yangdujun 1’was bred from wild morel strain
which from Li County in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. The
growth period is 90–110 d. The yield of fresh fruiting body is 2.25 t · hm-2. The fresh fruiting body grow
both solitary and caespitose. The color of fresh fruiting body is brown to dark brown and the stipe is
yellowish white. The density of cap ridges is medium，the vertical ridges are conspicuous. Sichuan area
and the climate similar area are suitable cultivated place.