Fruit Trees

• Expression Analysis of a MdCIbHLH1 Gene from Apple Flower Buds and Seeds in the Process of Dormancy
• REN Yi-Ran, ZHAO Qiang, ZHAO Xian-Yan, HAO Yu-Jin, YOU Chun-Xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1429-1436. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0029
• Abstract ( 406 ) HTML ( 1077 ) PDF (452KB) ( 1077 ) 　　　
• A bHLH transcription factor was found from apple（Malus × domestica Borkh.）induced by low temperature. To understand sequence characteristics of the gene，bioinformatics analysis was carried out. Furthermore，the gene expression patterns of the laminated apple seeds and lateral flower buds were analyzed during the period of dormancy and release by semi RT-PCR and real-time PCR. On the basis of secondary structure prediction，the results showed that MdCIbHIH protein was mainly α-helix and random coil，the contents of β-sheet and extended strand were less，including random coil 310（58.38%），α-helix 145（27.31%）and β-sheet 19（3.58%），respectively，extending chain 57（10.73%）. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression patterns of MdCIbHLH1 was similar in the laminated apple seeds and lateral flower buds during the period of dormancy-release. The MdCIbHLH1 expression levels highly accumulated in dormant buds or apple seeds and were gradually down-regulated during the period of the release of dormancy. These results indicated that MdCIbHLH1 might play an important role in the regulation of dormancy-release in apple seeds and buds.
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• Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Hexokinase Gene MdHXK1 in Apple
• ZHAO Jin, SUN Mei-Hong, HU Da-Gang, HAO Yu-Jin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1437-1447. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0057
• Abstract ( 574 ) HTML ( 1753 ) PDF (416KB) ( 1753 ) 　　　
• A hexokinase gene named MdHXK1（MDP0000309677）was cloned from‘Gala’apple （Malus × domestica Borkh.）. Sequence analysis showed that the length of MdHXK1 gene was 1 497 bp，which encoded 499 amino acids. It was predicted that the molecular mass of this protein was 54.05 kD，and pI was 5.76. A phylogenetic tree indicated that the HXK1 had a higher sequence conservation among different species，while apple MdHXK1 exhibited the highest sequence similarity to Pyrus bretschneideri PbHXK1. Analysis of functional domain showed that the MdHXK1 protein included two conserved kinase domains. The prediction of subcellular localization suggested that MdHXK1 protein was mainly localized in cytoplasm. There was an indication that MdHXK1 existed as one copy in apple genome by Southernblotting. In silico analysis suggested that the promoter sequence contained several typical cis-acting elements，including defense responsive elements，sugar signaling responsive elements and phytohormone responsive elements. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the MdHXK1 gene was mainly expressed in stem and flower. During the development of apple fruits，the expression of MdHXK1 gene increased at first and then decreased. The changes on Glc phosphorylation activity（relative）and glucose concentration showed the same trend. Besides，the expression of this gene was induced by salt stress，low temperature and ABA. Finally，we obtained and purified the fused MdHXK1 protein by recombinant prokaryotic expression，which established the foundation for the further study on the functions of MdHXK1 protein.
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• Cloning of kfpMYB Gene and Its Promoter in Korla Fragrant Pear（Pyrus sinkiangensis）and Determination Their Responses to Hormones
• WANG Bo-Hui, SUN Xiao-Xia, NIU Jian-Xin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1448-1456. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0030
• Abstract ( 482 ) HTML ( 948 ) PDF (557KB) ( 948 ) 　　　
• The flowers of Korla Fragrant pear（Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu）were used as materials to make sure the relationship between Korla Fragrant pear fruit calyx shed or persistence and the expression of the kfpMYB gene，according to kfpMYB gene’s cDNA sequence and pear genomic information designed a pair of primers，a genomic DNA sequence with a length of 1 659 bp and an upstream regulatory sequence with a length of 2 440 bp were obtained by PCR，the promoter’s cis-acting elements were analyzed and predicted using PLACE and PlantCare databases. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the kfpMYB promoter sequence included transcriptional regulatory elements related to hormonal regulation，including three ABA-responsive cis-acting elements（ABRERATCAL，DPBFCOREDCDC3，and EBOXBNNAPA），three GA-responsive elements（WRKY71OS，GARE-motif，and TATC-box），and two auxin-responsiveelements（NTBBF1ARROLB and TGA-element）. Real-time PCR was used to determine the effects of different hormones and growth regulators on the transcriptional level of the kfpMYB gene. The results showed that ABA，ETH，GA，NAA and fruit control agent（PBO）affected the expression of the kfpMYB gene. In conclusion，the results indicate that transcriptional regulatory elements are involved in the expression of the kfpMYB gene.
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• Preliminary Study on Expression Characteristics of Sorbitol Transporter （SOT）Gene Family and the Role in Sugar Accumulation in Pyrus pyrifolia Fruits
• DAI Mei-Song, XU Fei, SHI Ze-Bin, XU Chang-Jie
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1457-1466. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0258
• Abstract ( 426 ) HTML ( 1230 ) PDF (358KB) ( 1230 ) 　　　
• Sorbitol transporter（SOT）is an essential carrier for sorbitol transport in plants. A total of 22 expressed PpySOT members were identified from sand pear（Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai.）flesh by a RNA-seq analysis using Chinese white pear（P. bretschneideri Rehd.）genome as reference，with the top 10 members accounting for 92% of total transcript abundance. Tissue-specific expression patterns of these 10 members were observed via qRT-PCR. All members barely expressed in seed，PpySOT8 expressed in all tissues analysed，while the expression of PpySOT26 was mostly restricted in young leaves. The transcriptabundance of PpySOT2，PpySOT8，PpySOT10/28 and PpySOT33 was in a close positive correlation with sorbitol accumulation during fruit development. The content of sorbitol in flesh decreased during cold storage at 4 ℃，and it was related to the increased expression of PpySOT3，PpySOT4，PpySOT8，PpySOT25，PpySOT32 and PpySOT33.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of Flowering Related Transcription Factor AsLEAFY from Sugar Apple
• LIU Kai-Dong, HUANG Su-Na, JIANG Yan, LI Hai-Li, YUAN Chang-Chun, LIU Jin-Xiang, CHEN Yan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1467-1476. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0162
• Abstract ( 336 ) HTML ( 1197 ) PDF (1064KB) ( 1197 ) 　　　
• A full-length cDNA sequence of the homologous LEAFY gene from sugar apple（Annona squamosa L.），which was named as AsLEAFY（GenBank accession KP866145），was cloned by employing homology gene cloning and RACE approaches. Sequence analysis showed that the AsLEAFY gene contains a 1 236 bp open reading frame（ORF）encoding 411 amino acids. As the typical structure features of LEAFY（FLO）family，a 5′-N praline-rich region and a central acidic region were identified in the amino acid sequence of AsLEAFY protein. The deduced AsLEAFY protein is highly homologous to the LEAFY proteins from other various woody plants. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that AsLEAFY shows closer relationship with the LEAFYs in woody plants than in herbs. The real-time PCR results suggested that the AsLEAFY gene could be detected during the whole period of flower development. Interestingly，AsLEAFY gene showed a high transcription level in flower bud at the beginning stage and axillary bud of fruiting branches after defoliation. It is conjectured that AsLEAFY may play a crucial role in the early stage of flower organs formation in sugar apple.
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• Morphological and Cytological Observation of Somatic Embryogenesis and Development in Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’
• XIANG Wei-Bo, ZHAO Jin-Kai, WU Jia-Sheng, HUANG Jian-Qin, YU Wei-Wu, WU Lian-Hai, ZHANG Qi-Xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1477-1486. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0039
• Abstract ( 619 ) HTML ( 940 ) PDF (658KB) ( 940 ) 　　　
• An immature zygotic embryo of Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’was dark cultured for 45 days on an SH medium supplemented with 0.1 mg ? L-1 NAA，500 mg ? L-1 AC，3% sucrose and 0.5 g ? L-1 Gln to induce embryonic callus，which was watery，semi-transparent and slimy. Then the callus was transferred to SH media supplemented with 20 g ? L-1 PEG and 10 mg ? L-1ABA and dark cultured for three months for somatic embryogenesis. The morphological and cytohistological observation of somatic embryogenesis was performed by iodine-potassium iodide staining and Paraffin technology. Results showed that the embryonic callus originated from the symmetrical division of epidermal or cortical cells of hypocotyl. The callus consisted of two types of cells，viz. small-sized circular cells with dense cytoplasm and highly elongated vacuolate cells. The two types of cells formed proembryonic masses（PEMs）expressed as PEM Ⅰ，PEMⅡ，and PEM Ⅲ and some free cells. The PEM Ⅲ cultured in the basic medium without hormones added developed to form a proembryo，which was then transferred to mature media to form a cotyledon embryo by being subjected to globular，rodlike，heart-shaped，and torpedo-shaped development. after transferred to SH media，the cotyledon embryo developed to form an intact plantlet through elongated radicle and growth of needles from germ. In vitro culture of polyembryony originating from division of degraded suspensor of a zygotic embryo could also produce idiosome. Development of primary somatic embryos was often accompanied by the formation of secondary somatic embryos.
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Vegetables

• The Impact of Different Ca2+ Spraying Period on Alleviating Pepper Injury Under the Waterlogging Stress
• LIU Zhou-Bin, YANG Bo-Zhi, 欧Li-Jun , ZOU Xue-Xiao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1487-1494. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0068
• Abstract ( 368 ) HTML ( 797 ) PDF (250KB) ( 797 ) 　　　
• Using the‘New Wrinkled Pepper 5’pepper as the materials，the effects of the Ca2+ spray in different periods on pepper seedling agronomic traits and multiple physiological，biochemical indexes were studied in order to identify the better spraying period of mitigating the waterlogged stress. It is found that Ca2+ treatment can improve agronomic traits，increase antioxidant，respiratory enzymes activity，proline and total soluble sugar content，decrease relative conductively ratio，LDH activity，the accumulation of MDA and ?OH. There are significant differences when spraying Ca2+ in different period. When spraying Ca2+ before the stress day（before one and two days），the chlorophyll content，CAT，POD，SOD，GR，ADH，SDH，MDH activity and total soluble sugar is the highest，but the relative conductively ratio，LDH activity，?OH and MDA content is the lowest，and agronomic traits are significantly better；When spraying Ca2+ on the stressed day，the proline content is the highest；When spraying after thestressed day（after one and two days），the agronomic traits，antioxidant enzyme system，respiratory-related activity were worse. The result shows that the Ca2+ spray can alleviate the damage to some extent caused by waterlogged stress and spraying Ca2+ before suffering waterlogged stress can lead to the best result.
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• VIGS Expression Vector Construction and Expression Analyses of SmMsrA Gene in Eggplant
• ZHAO Zhen, LIU Fu-Zhong, ZHANG Ying, QI Dong-Xia, CHEN Yu-Hui, LIAN Yong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1495-1504. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0177
• Abstract ( 970 ) HTML ( 1250 ) PDF (1123KB) ( 1250 ) 　　　
• The coding sequence of methionine sulfoxide reductase A（SmMsrA）was amplified from eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）parthenocarpic line D-10 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）method. Through the Gateway recombination technology，three TRV（Tobacco rattle virus）-mediated VIGS expression vectors were constructed，pTRV2-SmMsrAi，containing different fragments of SmMsrA gene. The VIGS expression vectors were transformed into Agrobacterium strain GV3101，and then inoculated eggplant leaves by Agro-syringe. Phenotypes observation，TRV molecular detection and qRT-PCR thechnology were used to observe and evaluate the VIGS system for silencing the SmMsrA gene effection. The results showed that the positive control of silencing reporter gene PDS showed photo-bleaching phenotype in eggplant leaves；Silencing SmMsrA gene were observed pale yellow（mosaic）leaves and bore smaller fruits；The expression of SmMsrA gene was decreased obviously in the leaves and fruits of the infected eggplant plants. These results suggested that theSmMsrA gene was a related gene in positive regulation of fruit development in eggplant.
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• Molecular Mapping of Withered Leaf Gene in Radish
• SUN Yu-Yan, QIU Yang, DUAN Meng-Meng, CHEN Xiao-Hua, DUAN Yun-Dan, 吕Mei-Jie , YANG Hao-Hui, LI Xi-Xiang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1505-1514. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0170
• Abstract ( 544 ) HTML ( 835 ) PDF (602KB) ( 835 ) 　　　
• The withered leaf directly influences plant growth and taproot formation，and affects the high-yield production in radish（Raphanus sativus L.）. Therefore，genetic analysis and molecular mapping of radish withered leaf gene are crucial for the discovery of withered leaf trait happening and its regulatory mechanism. Two radish inbred lines，‘pp12Q-4-2’and‘36-2’，were used as parents for F2 population development. Taproot thickness and weight were measured to analyze the effects of withered leaf trait on radish taproot development on the F2 population. Genetic analysis and gene mapping of withered leaf gene were conducted. Bulk segregation analysis（BSA）was performed on the samples from withered leaves and normal leaves respectively using SSR markers designed based on radish whole genome sequencing for primary gene mapping. More SSR primers were developed for searching closer-linked markers in the primary mapping region of withered leaf gene，and the genetic mapping was drawn. The result showed that withered leaf resulted in chlorophyll content reduction and severely affected taproot growth and developmentin radish. Genetic analysis suggested that withered leaf trait was qualitative and controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Normal leaf was dominant to withered leaf. Finally，the withered leaf gene was mapped between two flanking markers saffold89_21520 and scaffold89_21545 on chromosome 7，with a genetic distance of 0.8 cM and a physical distance of 211.63 kb. The predicted region contains a total of 43 candidate genes.
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• Analysis of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wild Melon MLO Mutant
• CHENG Hong, KONG Wei-Ping, 吕Jun-Fen , LI Ji-Ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1515-1522. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0119
• Abstract ( 658 ) HTML ( 907 ) PDF (876KB) ( 907 ) 　　　
• The resistance of cultivar and wild species had been identified used the method of leaves inoculate with Podosphaera xanthii. The results showed that the wild germplasms were resistance to Podosphaera xanthii Race1. There were 85 bp differences between wild and cultivated species after cloning and sequence analysis of their MLO gene. Then CmMLO2 was expressed in wild germplasm using fluorescence-labeled Agrobacterium-mediated method. A positive transgenic plant was successful invasion by Podosphaera xanthii Race1. These results suggested that wild species maybe failing encoded MLO protein，resulting the function of MLO negative regulation to Podosphaera xanthii was losing，which caused wild species had a broad-spectrum resistance to Podosphaera xanthii.
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Ornamental Plants

• Overexpression and Silence Expression of CrGA20ox1 from Camellia reticulata‘Hentiangao’and Its Effect on Plant Forms in Transgenic Tobacco
• WANG Jiang-Ying, WU Bin, LIU Wei-Xin, FAN Zheng-Qi, LI Ji-Yuan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1523-1532. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1045
• Abstract ( 564 ) HTML ( 941 ) PDF (509KB) ( 941 ) 　　　
• On the basic of homologous sequences of Camellia japonica，a GA20-oxdiase（GA20ox）gene was isolated from the stem tip of C. reticulata‘Hentiangao’by the 3′,5′-RACE technology named CrGA20ox1（GenBank Accession ID：KP635268）. The full-length cDNA of CrGA20ox1 is 1 178 bp，containing an 1 146 bp ORF which encodes 381 amino acids. Expressions of GA20ox1 in four different plant phenotypes of camellias were analyzed by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that GA20ox1 gene was expressed in the four camellias differently，where the expression level of GA20ox1 in C. chekiangoleosa was the highest，medium in C. handelii and C. nitidissima，and the lowest in C. reticulata‘Hentiangao’，which indicated that the expression intensity of the GA20ox1 gene waspositively associated with height in the different camellias. The trends of expressions of GA20ox1 gene were almost the same in various organs of the four camellias，and furthermore，the expressions of the gene was higher in the shoot tips than in tender leaves. Phenotypic results of transgenic tobacco showed that the transgenic plant with sense CrGA20ox1 gene was nearly 3.6 times height than wild type tobacco；Meanwhile，the transgenic plant with anti-sense CrGA20ox1 gene was about only half height of the wild type tobacco.
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• Classification and Gene Expression Analysis of HSFs from Aquilegia coerulea and Sub-cellular Localization of AyHSF1
• ZHANG Hua-Li, WANG Tao, CUI Rong-Feng, DONG Ai-Xiang, XIN Hai-Bo, YI Ming-Fang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1533-1541. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1150
• Abstract ( 498 ) HTML ( 867 ) PDF (491KB) ( 867 ) 　　　
• Fourteen HSFs（Heat shock transcription factors）were identified from Aquilegia coerulea genome sequence. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses displayed there were 8 HSFAs，5 HSFBs and 1 HSFC in A. coerulea. Real-time PCR revealed that transcripts of these HSFs were detected and most of them were induced significantly by heat shock in A. yabeana. Furthermore，HSF1 was cloned from A. yabeana cDNA. The protein fused with GFP at its N-terminus was investigated in onion epidermal cell and observed with a translocation phenomenon.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of a LFY Gene from Betula luminifera
• NIU Ming-Yue, ZHOU Hou-Jun, ZHOU Shi-Shui, LI Yu-Ling, HUANG Hua-Hong, TONG Zai-Kang, LIN er Pei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1542-1550. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0034
• Abstract ( 526 ) HTML ( 985 ) PDF (799KB) ( 985 ) 　　　
• In this study，through homology cloning and RACE strategy，a LFY homologue，named BlLFY，was isolated from a precious timber tree Betula luminifera. The full length cDNA of BlLFY was 1 305 bp with a 1 212 bp open reading frame，which encoded 403 amino acids. And，the analysis of gene structure revealed that there were two introns and three exons in genomic sequence of BlLFY，indicating same gene structure between BlLFY and LFY homologues from other plants. Multiple sequence alignment showed typical conserved N-domain and C-domain in BlLFY protein. The phylogenetic analysis showed the highest identity and close evolution relation of BlLFY to those LFY proteins from trees，such as Castanea mollissima and Juglans regia. Furthermore，expression analysis showed that the transcript of BlLFY was accumulated when plants transited to reproductive phase. Meanwhile，BlLFY gene was both detected in vegetative and reproductive organs of flowering plants，and consecutively expressed in alldevelopmental stages of male and female inflorescence. However，interestingly，the expression of BlLFY was much higher in female inflorescence than male inflorescence. These results suggested that BlLFY gene may play important roles in floral transition and development of floral organs，and may be involved in the different process of female and male inflorescences.
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Research Notes

• Effects of Natural Grass on Soil Microbiology，Nutrient and Fruit Quality of Nanfeng Tangerine Yard
• FU Xue-Qin, LIU Ju-Er, HUANG Wen-Xin
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1551-1558. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0023
• Abstract ( 382 ) HTML ( 1054 ) PDF (245KB) ( 1054 ) 　　　
• Using Nanfeng tangerine yard as research subject，the variation of microorganism category，enzyme activities，soil nutrient and fruit quality were studied under different conditions such as 2 years grass，4 years grass，8 years grass and clean cultivation. The bacteria quantity in the soil of Nanfeng tangerine yard，ranked first，account for 90% of total microorganisms. Most detected soil microorganism quantity and soil enzyme activities，except phosphomonoesterase，were increased under sod culture treatment，compared to clean tillage. Natural grass can increase the organic matter and the content of TN，TP，TK in the soil，compared with the control，the soil organic matter and the content of TN，TP，TK in 8 years natural grassland increased separately by 196.4%，56.53%，66.67% and 77.08%. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable N，available P，and available K in soil with grass 2 years weresignificantly lower than that of the control while increased by 25.98%，3.1%，90.57% in soil with grass 8 years. The naturally grown grass significantly increased the soluble solids and soluble sugar of Nanfeng tangerine. Correlation analysis indicated that soil microorganism，soil enzyme activities and soil nutrient mostly showed very significant correlation each other under different culture models. Naturally grown grass could improve effectively the soil microorganism quantity，soil enzyme activities，soil fertility and enhanced fruit fresh eating quality.
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• The Analysis of Digital Gene Expression About Kernel Apricot Flower Buds at Three Development Stages
• SONG Cai, WU Yun-Ta-Na, LI Hui, XU Jing-Shi, LIU Ru-Qing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1559-1568. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0176
• Abstract ( 383 ) HTML ( 806 ) PDF (253KB) ( 806 ) 　　　
• Experiment studied the pattern of related gene expression information around the sprouting period with flower buds of kernel apricot（Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.）‘Youyi’，applied the transcriptome and digital gene expression profiling technology. The results found that there were many kinds of exuberant biosynthesis and metabolic activity of kernel apricot flower buds around the sprouting period，and four flowering regulation pathways（photoperiod pathway，verbalization pathway，autonomous pathway and GA-dependent pathway）had already been started，and meantime，photoperiod pathway played a significant role，this process involves 74 genes of which 38 up-regulated expression and 29 down-regulated expression；GA-dependent pathway indicating a inhibiting effect in the sprouting periodfor controlling the development of flower buds，this process involves 38 genes of which 13 up-regulated expression and 9 down-regulated expression. Verbalization pathway and autonomous pathway were effected before the sprouting period. Verbalization pathway has 4 up-regulated expression genes and 15 down-regulated expression genes，autonomous pathway involves 24 genes of which 3 up-regulated expression and 11 down-regulated expression. By analyzing of digital gene expression，we have a preliminary understanding of network way about kernel apricot around the sprouting period，the information could provide theoretical basis for the research of flowering genes involved in kernel apricot blossom，exploring on the molecular mechanism of early blooming and breeding new varieties by molecular method.
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• Jujube Germplasm from Anhui Province and Provinces Around Anhui Analyzed by ISSR Markers
• SUN Jun, SUN Wen-Wen, ZHOU Jun-Yong, ZHOU Zhang-Bin, LU Li-Juan, SUN Qi-Bao
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1569-1575. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1141
• Abstract ( 200 ) HTML ( 769 ) PDF (264KB) ( 769 ) 　　　
• Thirty-two jujube（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.）accessions from Anhui Province and fourty-two jujube cultivars from provinces around Anhui were analyzed by ISSR markers. A total of 241 markers were amplified from the 26 primers，of which 214 bands were polymorphic bands（the percentage of polymorphic band，PPB = 88.8%）. Revealed by NTSYS software，the DICE coefficient of 74 accessions ranged from 0.5936–0.9353. Thirty-two jujube accessions from Anhui Province amplified 219 loci，of which 186 loci were polymorphic（PPB = 84.93%）. Analyzed by NTSYS，the DICE coefficient among 32 accessions from Anhui Province ranged from 0.6267–0.9353，reflecting the high genetic diversity of jujube germplasms in Anhui Province. The UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated that the 74 accessions were clustered into 8 groups which were basically consistent with geographical origin. Most accessions from Anhui Province were clustered into independent groups which were far from other accessions and indicated that mutation promoted the evolution of jujube germplasm in Anhui Province.
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• Generation and Phenotype of Chinese Cabbage–Cabbage Disomic Alien Addition Lines 4
• ZHANG Ya-Kun, GU Ai-Xia, MENG Chuan, MENG Ya-Ning, LIU Li-Ping, XUAN Shu-Xin, WANG Yan-Hua, SHEN Shu-Xing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1576-1582. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0182
• Abstract ( 296 ) HTML ( 673 ) PDF (857KB) ( 673 ) 　　　
• The selfing progenies derived from Chinese cabbage–cabbage monosomic addition line 4 were used as materials，3 plants with 2n = 22 were selected by chromosome counting from 36 selfing progenies，and the results from karyotype analysis showed that the 3 plants were Chinese cabbage–cabbage disomic alien addition line introducing chromosome 4 of cabbage. During reproductive period，the disomic alien addition line plant was represented by weak vigor，ovate and green basal leaves，lanceolate and light green stem leaves，late flowering time，yellow flower petals，smaller floral organ size and decreased number of pollen grains compare with monosomic alien addition line. As well as the rate at which selfed silique and seed were set was lower. The chromosome distribution with 11︰11 at napheⅠ represented 70.59%，and the rate of chromosome distribution with 11︰11︰11︰11 was 69.57% at anaphaseⅡ.
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• Development and Application of Molecular Markers Linked with Sex Gene X/Y in Spinach
• LIU Dan-Dan, QIAN Wei, ZHANG He-Long, FAN Gui-Yan, XU Zhao-Sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1583-1590. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0218
• Abstract ( 466 ) HTML ( 939 ) PDF (576KB) ( 939 ) 　　　
• The F2 segregation population constructed by hybridization among female and male individuals of‘Winter Green 1’was our experimental material. We obtained the molecular markers linked with the sex gene X/Y using SRAP-BSA technique. Three SRAP markers（SRAP4.3，SRAP5.7，SRAP9.5）closely linked with the sex gene X/Y were gained from 256 SRAP primer combinations. SRAP5.7 and SRAP9.5 were successfully converted into SCAR markers（S5.7，S9.5）. SRAP4.3 was smoothly transformed into dCAPs marker（D4.3）. S5.7 and S9.5 marker were co-segregated with Y gene. D4.3 marker was closely linked to X/Y gene，and the genetic distance is 0.3 cM. The sex in other 7 spinach populations was identified by the marker S5.7，S9.5 and D4.3. The results of molecular identification were consistent with the phenotype，so these three molecular markers could be used for marker-assisted selection breeding（MAS）.
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• Identificate Intergenic Region Deletion of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Isolated from Beijing
• ZHAO Yu-Nan, CHENG Xiao-Long, ZHAO Ping-Ping, CHEN Ya-Ping, LU Jia, LI Chang-Bao, YAO Lei
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1591-1598. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0058
• Abstract ( 333 ) HTML ( 871 ) PDF (410KB) ( 871 ) 　　　
• Two distinct pathogenicity Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolates from the greenhouse of Beijing were observed，termed BJ03 and BJ04 respectively. The full long genomic sequences of these two TYLCV isolates were sequenced；TYLCV-BJ03 is 2 781 bp，and TYLCV-BJ04 is 2 740 bp. The molecule evolution reveals that these two isolates belong to two different Chinese group of a recent evolution branch of Israel strain TYLCY-IL. They shared 99.15% nt identity. The main difference between these two isolates is the intergenic region（IR）. The BJ04 isolate contained a 41-nt deletion in the intergenic region betweenthe TATA-box and the nonanucleotide motif. This IR deletion mutant of TYLCY was confirmed by specific primers designed for the deleted region. In the further inspections，the single infected and combine infected samples were detected.
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• Effects of Long-term Elevated CO2 on Growth and Flowering in Phalaenopsis
• XU Shen-Ping, ZENG Lan-Ting, YE Qing-Sheng
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1599-1605. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1059
• Abstract ( 601 ) HTML ( 887 ) PDF (521KB) ( 887 ) 　　　
• Effects of long-term elevated CO2 on net CO2 uptake，growth and flowering of Phalaenopsis‘Neishan Guniang’were studied under elevated CO2（800 ± 50）μmol ? mol-1 and ambient CO2 concentration（approximately 400 μmol ? mol-1）for 240 d. The results showed that Phalaenopsis was a CAM orchid with the net CO2 uptake rate and the contents of titratable acidity reached the maximum at 22：00 and 6：00，respectively. Elevated CO2 significantly increased the net CO2 uptake rate in Phalaenopsis leaves，which was almost arrived two-fold comparison of in the control，and the content of titratable acidity was increased 44% by CO2 elevated. Elevated CO2 resulted in the increase of the accumulation of biomass which increased by 31% in dry weight and 28% in fresh weight. In addition，elevated CO2 not only advanced the flowering time by 5.4 d in Phalaenopsis，but also increased flower quantity and quality，with the number of flowers increased by 66%.
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• Cloning and Expression Analysis of LEAFY Orthologs from Tea
• HAN Xing-Jie, XU Ling-Ling, LIAO Liang, LI Tong-Jian, DENG Hui-Sheng, FAN Qi-Shui
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1606-1616. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0031
• Abstract ( 308 ) HTML ( 873 ) PDF (1007KB) ( 873 ) 　　　
• This study cloned two kinds of full-length cDNA of LEAFY（LFY）homologs from a flowerless mutant with large leaves Camellia sinensis‘Dayelong’and the mother plant by using the homology cloning and RACE-PCR techniques，and the two sequences were designated as CsLFL1 and CsLFL2. They comprise 1 448 bp and 1 466 bp，with intact ORFs of 1 191 bp and 1 197 bp，encoding polypeptides of 396 and 398 amino acid residues，respectively. They present 77%–79% similarities with LFY representatives in species from Anacardiaceae，Sapindaceae and Fagales，and contain such typical structural features as proline-rich region，leucine repeat region，acidic and basic domains，and conserved C-terminus characteristic of LFY members as transcription factors. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that they belong to the LFY clade of dicots，and they are the most closely related，implying that they derived from duplication occurring in later stages during the evolution of C. sinensis. Moreover，there are no difference between the sequences from the normally flowering mother plant and the mutant，whereas they are expressed strongly in floral buds of the mother plant，and also weakly in leaf buds of both the mother plants and the mutant. These results suggest that CsLFL1 and CsLFL2 represent the LFY orthologs fromtea and are likely to function in flower initiation in tea plants.
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New Cultivars

• A New Middle-season Peach Cultivar‘Menglu Shuijing’
• WU Lian-Hai, HUANG Hai-Hua, YAN Fu-Hua, GAO Zhong-Shan, ZHU Guo-Hua
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1617-1618. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-1110
• Abstract ( 598 ) HTML ( 654 ) PDF (134KB) ( 654 ) 　　　
• ‘Menglu Shuijing’peach is a middle-season peach cultivar selected from a natural seedling. Its fruit shape is round with an average weight of 148 g and the maximum of 204 g. Over 80% of the surface is covered with beautiful pink cloud at ripen stage on the background of milk white skin. Its flesh is white and cling to the stone，but become purple near the stone. The juice contains 14.8% of total soluble solids，32.4 mg ? kg-1 of vitamin C. The taste of fruit is sour and sweet with ripe flavors. The storage time of the fruit last for 15 d at 4 ℃. The average yield is 46 kg per tree in the full bearing period.
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• A New Fresh-eating Walnut Cultivar‘Zhonghe 4’
• LI Hao-Xian, CAO Shang-Yin, XUE Hui, ZHAO Di-Guang, NIU Juan, ZHANG Fu-Hong, CHEN Li-Na
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1619-1620. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0911
• Abstract ( 403 ) HTML ( 597 ) PDF (176KB) ( 597 ) 　　　
• ‘Zhonghe 4’is a new fresh-eating walnut cultivar bred from local outstanding walnut resources in Wensu County，Aksu area，Xinjiang，through good strain selection and top grafting observation for 10 years. It has the potential character of strong tree vigor，short internodes and thick branches. The cultivar mainly bore on the short fruit spur. The female flowers open firstly. The mature period is mid-to-end of August. The fruit shape is near round. The shell thickness is 0.30 mm. Kernel rate is as high as 92.1%. Besides，it has a full kernel，fragrant flavor and good quality. It is very suitable for fresh eating. The average amount of single plant is 302 after 4 years，then the average weight of dried fruit is 2.30 kg，so the yield is up to 2 850.0 kg ? hm-2.
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• A New Mid-late Maturing Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Niuqiubai 1’
• ZHANG Zhi-Gang, LI Qiao-Yun, LIU Shuan-Tao, WANG Li-Hua, ZHAO Zhi-Zhong
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1621-1622. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0862
• Abstract ( 367 ) HTML ( 766 ) PDF (170KB) ( 766 ) 　　　
• ‘Niuqiubai 1’is a new hybrid of mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage bred by crossing self-incompatible line‘06-164-1’with weak self-compatible line‘06-101’. It can be harvested in 75–80 days after sowing. It has seta and the leaf head is in shell form. The head shape index is 1.5，and 34 cm in height，and 23 cm in diameter. Its net weight is 3.5 kg，and net yield is 97.21–136.53 t ? hm-2. It has less fiber and high quality. It has tolerance to bolting and storage. It is resistant to downy mildew，virus and soft rot. It is suitable for cultivation in Shandong，Beijing，Hebei，Tianjin，Shanxi，Liaoning and Heilongjiang in autumn as mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage.
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• A New Kidney Bean Cultivar‘Jin Caidou 3’
• GUO Wei-Min, ZHANG Jing-She, MAO Li-Ping, TIAN Ru-Xia, WANG Jing
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1623-1624. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0569
• Abstract ( 578 ) HTML ( 543 ) PDF (482KB) ( 543 ) 　　　
• ‘Jin Caidou 3’is a new kidney bean cultivar developed by systematic breeding and screening. It is trailing plant with an average height of 315 cm. The cultivar grows the first inflorescence at the 3rd–4th node. The main vine grows 5–6 branches. The caulicle is green. The bean pod shows mint color and it can grow up to 28–33 cm in length and 1.6–1.8 cm in circumference. The bean pod is fibreless. The seeds show golden color. The average weight of single seed is 0.31 g. It has high production of 70–80 bean pods per plant. The growth period is 120–180 d. The cultivar is suitable for open field cultivation in Shanxi Province in spring.
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• A New Chieh-qua Cultivar‘Guiyou 6’
• LI Yan, LI Wen-Jia, WANG Yi-Kui, JIANG Ya-Qin, KANG De-Xian, WU Yong-Guan
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1625. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0652
• Abstract ( 673 ) HTML ( 647 ) PDF (158KB) ( 647 ) 　　　
• ‘Guiyou 6’is a middle-early maturing hybrid of chieh-qua with good quality and high yield. The fruit is in cylinder shape，with green skin and green flesh. It is 23 cm in length，8 cm in diameter，1.0 kg in weight. The green flesh is firm and slight sweet. The hybrid grows vigorously and has wide adaptability. It is suitable for growing in spring and autumn in South China. The yield is above 60–75 t ? hm-2.
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• A New Mini Watermelon Cultivar‘Jinyu Linglong Wuzi 1’
• XU Zhi-Hong, ZHAO Guang-Wei, MA Yue, KONG Wei-Hu, ZHANG Jian, XU Yong-Yang
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1627-1628. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0285
• Abstract ( 459 ) HTML ( 692 ) PDF (161KB) ( 692 ) 　　　
• ‘Jinyu Linglong Wuzi 1’is a new mini-seedless watermelon cultivar which has strong growth potential. The fruit weight is 1.8–2.5 kg. The fruit is oval and its skin is green with dark green stripes on the surface. The pericarp thickness is about 0.5 cm. Its center and side sugar contents are 11.5% and 9.0%，respectively. In addition，the flesh has little crude fiber and good quality. The whole growth period is about 105 days and the fruit developing period is 32–35 days. The yield is 42 t ? hm-2. It is light resistant to fusarium wilt.
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• A New Calceolaria herbeohybrida Cultivar‘Huanghebao’
• GU Yong-Hua, HU Qian-Jun, GAO Fu-Hong, LIU Ke-Wei, PAN Chun-Ping
• Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2015, 42(8): 1629-1630. DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014-0645
• Abstract ( 522 ) HTML ( 604 ) PDF (162KB) ( 604 ) 　　　
• ‘Huanghebao’is a new Calceolaria herbeohybrida cultivar developed by crossing inbred the female parent‘Datuanyuan’. Its flower color is pure yellow，without spots. The average diameter of flower heat is about 4.7 cm. The average flower number is 120.8. It is charactrized by compact plant type，vigour growth，high comprehensive resistence，so it is easy to plant. It is suitable for growing in protected cultivation in Jiangsu Province and the Yangtze River Delta region．
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