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2012, Vol.39, No.11 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Fruit Trees

  • Effects of Magnesium,Iron,Boron Deficiency on the Growth and Nutrition Absorption of Four Major Citrus Rootstocks
  • HAN Jia, ZHOU Gao-Feng, LI Jiao-Hong, LIU Yong-Zhong, PENG Shu-Ang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2105-2112.
  • Abstract ( 1338 ) HTML ( 1780 ) PDF (336KB) ( 1780 )    
  • The effects of magnesium(Mg),iron(Fe)and boron(B)deficiency on growth and physiological characteristics in shoots and roots of four citrus rootstocks{Trifoliate orange[Poncirus trifoliate(L.)Raf.],Fragrant citrus(Citrus junos Sieb.ex Tanaka),Red tangerine(Citrus reticulate Blanco)and Congyi wild mandarin(Citrus reticulata)} were investigated by using hydroponic culture. Results indicated that the plant height,total leaves,chlorophyll content,total roots length,total roots surface and Mg specific absorption rate were better in red tangerine than those in other rootstocks under the treatment of Mg deficiency. In the treatment of Fe deficiency,the plant high,total leaves,dry weight of plant,total roots volume,total roots surface and Fe specific absorption rate were better in fragrant citrus than those in other rootstocks. In B deficiency treatment,the roots number of tips,total roots surface,total roots volume and B specific absorption rate in Red tangerine and the plant high,total leaves and dry weight of shoot in Congyi wild mandarin were better than those in other rootstocks,respectively.
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  • Construction Core Collections of Pear Germplasms in Cold Region by SSR and Phenotypic Traits
  • BU Hai-Dong, ZHANG Bing-Bing, SONG Hong-Wei, LIANG Ying-Hai, LIU Yan-Jie, CHENG Xian-Min, GU Guang-Jun, LIU Chang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2113-2123.
  • Abstract ( 965 ) HTML ( 1528 ) PDF (472KB) ( 1528 )    
  • Two hundred and one Pyrus pyrifolia(Burm.)germplasms[involved Nakai(P. serotina Rehd.)P. bretschneideri Rehd.,P. ussuriensis Maxim. and Pyrus communis L.] were further analyzed by the method of SSR,and 36 pear resources of them were determined as the core collection of cold region in this study:Included 26 kinds of P. ussuriensis Maxim.,which accounted for 16.9% of the original germplasms of P. ussuriensis Maxim.,5 of P. bretschneideri Rehd.,which accounted for 50% of the original germplasms of P. bretschneideri Rehd.,4 kinds of P. pyrifolia(Burm.) Nakai(P. serotina Rehd.),which accounted for 21.1% of the original germplasms of P. pyrifolia(Burm.)Nakai(P. serotina Rehd.) and 1 kind of P. communis L.,which accounted for 11.1% of the original germplasms of P. communis L.
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  • Cloning and Expression of Anthocyanin Pathway Genes,AcCHS and AcLDOX,in Actinidia chinensis
  • ZHANG Liang, MAN Yu-Ping, JIANG Zheng-Wang, WANG Yan-Chang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2124-2132.
  • Abstract ( 1452 ) HTML ( 2500 ) PDF (485KB) ( 2500 )    
  • Based on the highly conserved sequences of other plants,counterpart sequences of CHS(chalcone synthase,CHS)and LDOX(leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase,LDOX)of Actinida chinesis,‘Hongyang’were obtained using the special primers. Full-length cDNAs encoding CHS and LDOX were cloned respectively from fruit of‘Hongyang’by RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The AcCHS was 1501 bp in length,encoding 389 amino acids. AcLDOX was 1381 bp in length and encoded 355 amino acids. Amino acids sequence of AcCHS exhibited over 95% homology with CHS of Abelmoschus manihotCamellia japonica and Gossypium hirsutum. It also shared 94% and 93% homology with Vitis vinifera and Malus × domestica respectively. AcLDOX showed 94% and 93% identity with Vitis amurensis  and Vitis vinifera respectively at amino acids level. The expression of AcCHS and AcLDOX in the inner pericarp of three kiwifruit cultivars with red,green and yellow color was analyzed by Real-time PCR. AcCHS expressed highly in flesh of‘Hongyang’at 65 DAF(days after flower). Expression of the gene in yellow-fleshed‘Jinnong’decreased permanently after flowering. Expression of AcLDOX increased during the early developmental stage in‘Hongyang’,but dropped quickly after 65 DAF. Interestingly,expression of AcLDOX raised markedly in the late developmental stages of green-fleshed‘Jinkui’,which was the highest among three cultivars. AcLDOX in‘Jinnong’also deregulated after flowering.
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  • Application of SSR Markers for the Identification of Paternal Parent for the Seedlings of Chinese Jujube
  • WANG Si-Qi, TANG Shi-Zhe, KONG De-Cang, HE Run-Ping, LIU Hua-Bo, MA Li-Ying, LIU Jun, WANG Zhe, LI Ying-Yue, SHEN Lian-Ying, PANG Xiao-Ming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2133-2141.
  • Abstract ( 1320 ) HTML ( 2037 ) PDF (266KB) ( 2037 )    
  • The paternalparents of 1 728 open-pollinated seedlings of‘Dongzao’(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)and 530 open-pollinated seedlings of‘Lingbao Dazao’were identified with SSR technique. Eight primer pairs were selected from 376 primer pairs,which amplified distinct,polymorphic segments and showed high differential rate. Twelve candidate parents were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using fluorescent M13 multi-state detection method. Totally,45 polymorphic alleles were revealed,with an average of 5.625 for each primer pairs. Polymorphism information content values for the primer pairs ranged from 0.58 to 0.86,with an average of 0.71. Using software Cervus3.0,399 hybrids from‘Dongzao’בMuzao’were identified,and 390 from‘Dongzao’בXiaoyazao’,357 from‘Dongzao’בYingshanhong’,204 from ‘Lingbao Dazao’בZiyuanzao(Zizao)’,126 from‘Lingbao Dazao’בShibingzao’were also identified.
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  • Genetic Diversity in the Natural Populations of Rubus delavayi Demonstrated by Inter-simple Sequence Repeats
  • HE Zhi-Jiao, HE Jia-Wei, CHENG Zai-Quan, YANG Zheng-Song, YANG Hong-Tao, HE Wen-Jia
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2142-2150.
  • Abstract ( 1147 ) HTML ( 1494 ) PDF (399KB) ( 1494 )    
  • Genetic diversity of 248 individuals from 12 natural populations of Rubus delavayi Fanch.,which are specific but endangered species in Yunnan,was assessed using ISSR markers. The results showed that 199 amplified bands were got in PCR when sixteen primers were used. Among those bands,185(92.96% of the total bands)were polymorphic. A high level of genetic diversity was showed in these populations. At species level,percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB)was 97.99%,effective number of alleles(Ae)was 1.427,Nei’s gene diversity(H)was 0.267,and Shannon’s information index(I)was 0.417. At population level,PPB was 62.10%,Ae was 1.289,H was 0.177,I was 0.275. The level of genetic differentiation between populations was lower than that within populations. The coefficient of gene differentiation(Gst)betweenthe populations was 0.3351. And the gene differentiation contributed to 33.51% of the total genetic variations between the populations and to 66.49% within the populations. The total gene flow(Nm)was 0.9923. There was no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances among population(r = 0.0286,P = 0.5240)in the Mantel test. The result of UPGMA clustering analysis was basically similar to that of the principle coordinate analysis(PCA). The high genetic variation level within populations could be caused mainly by the significant genetic variation inside a population together with the limited gene flow(Nm = 0.9923)between populations. While the lower genetic diversity among the populations could be caused by severely destroyed and biological invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.
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Vegetables

  • QTL Mapping of Soluble Solids Content and Beta-carotene in Solanum cheesmanii
  • LU Ya-Hui, DU Yong-Chen, WANG Xiao-Xuan, GAO Jian-Chang, GUO Yan-Mei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2151-2158.
  • Abstract ( 1382 ) HTML ( 1955 ) PDF (652KB) ( 1955 )    
  • A population BC2S6 with 152 lines was developed from the cross between Solanum lycopersicum 9706 and Solanum cheesmanii LA0317. A linkage map was constructed with 155 SSR marker,21 CAPS marker and 88 Indel marker. The map covered 1 134.0 cM,and the average distance between adjacent loci was 4.29 cM.Using MQM-mapping method,QTL of soluble solids content(SSC)and Beta-carotene content were detected. Ten QTL of SSC were mapped to chromosome 3,4,5,6,9,10 and 11. Respectively,five of which explained more than 12% of the phenotypic variation. Six QTL of Beta-carotene content were mapped to chromosome 1,2,6,9. The major QTL of Beta-carotene content on chromosome 6 could explain 54.7% of the phenotypic variation.Moreover,5 lines with high SSC and 8 lines with high Beta-carotene content were obtained,and could be used as breeding materials.
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  • Expression of Transcriptional Factors and Structural Genes of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Purple-heading Chinese Cabbage
  • DUAN Yan-Jiao, ZHANG Lu-Gang, HE Qiong, ZHANG Ming-Ke, SHI Jiang-Chao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2159-2167.
  • Abstract ( 1684 ) HTML ( 2142 ) PDF (404KB) ( 2142 )    
  • To investigate the mechanism of anthocyanin production in our new purple-heading Chinese cabbage[Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis(Lour)Olsson],the expression of structural genes and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis was examined between the purple line (11S96)and its non-purple parent(09S17)by the real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR,as well as their leaves cross-section were observed and the total anthocyanin content was measured. Leaf cross-section showed that the anthocyanin distribution is non-uniform in the purple heading leaf,specially enriched in the epidermis and its adjacent mesophyll cells. Comparison with the negligible amount of anthocyanin in the non-purple parent,the anthocyanin in purple line is up to 0.79 mg · g-1 FW in purple inner heading leaves. Q-PCR analysis indicated that the EBGs(Early Biosynthesis Genes)CHS,CHI,F3H,F3H,LBGs(Late Biosynthesis Genes)UFGT and GSTas well as the regulatory gene MYB0 were up-regulated in the inner leaves of purple heading;the other three LBGs,DFRANSLDOX and the regulatory genes MYB2MYB4MYB12 and MYB111 were high up-regulated in all the leaves of the purple heading,which means that there is probably close relationship between these genes and the anthocyanin accumulation in this purple-heading Chinese cabbage,and MYB2 and MYB4 may play the dominant role in it.
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  • The Technology System Establishment of VIGS in Non-heading Chinese Cabbage
  • YANG Xue-Dong, DAI Wei, ZHANG Chang-Wei, WANG Jin-Yan, KONG Min, HOU Xi-Lin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2168-2174.
  • Abstract ( 1067 ) HTML ( 3239 ) PDF (294KB) ( 3239 )    
  • In this study,a viral vector derived from Turnip yellow mosaic virus(TYMV)was used to induce virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)of phytoene desaturase gene(PDS) in non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino.)cultivar‘Suzhouqing’and the result showed that the expression of PDS was successfully repressed. The ability of inducing silence was confirmed and the VIGS system was established. To further confirm the VIGS effect on non-heading Chinese cabbage,BcNRT1 was selected as the target gene,and the expression of BcNRT1 was successfully inhibited after inoculated.
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  • Generation and Cytological Research of Four Primary Trisomics in Chinese Kale(Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey)
  • LUO Shuang-Xia, SHEN 二Qiao, ZHANG Cheng-He, SHEN Shu-Xing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2175-2181.
  • Abstract ( 1120 ) HTML ( 921 ) PDF (841KB) ( 921 )    
  • Primary trisomics are important materials for gene assignment. Chinese kale(Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey)inbred line‘9501’was used as material,by root tip cell chromosome number examination,34 plants with a extra chromosome(2n + 1 = 19)were selected from the progenies of triploid(2n = 3x = 27)back-crossing with diploid parent(2n = 2x = 18);via propagation in vitro and karyotype analysis,four primary trisomics(Tri-1,Tri-6,Tri-8 and Tri-SAT)were obtained from the 2n + 1 plants. Each trisomic showed some special characters in morphological traits,and mainly formed 8 bivalents and 1 trivalent(8Ⅱ+ 1Ⅲ)at meiotic diakinesis,and most cells got 9 chromosomes in a pole and 10 chromosomes in another pole(9/10)at meiotic anaphaseⅠ. The extra chromosomes of the four trisomics can transmit through female and male gametes,and the transmission rates ranged from 10.15% to 27.63% for female and 4.91% to 11.86% for male.
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  • Selection of Super-male Plants in Asparagus with DNA Molecular Marker
  • ZHOU Jin-Song, TANG Yong-Ping, LUO Shao-Chun, XIE Qi-Xin, ZHANG Yue-Ping, CHEN Guang-Yu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2182-2188.
  • Abstract ( 982 ) HTML ( 1307 ) PDF (602KB) ( 1307 )    
  • DNA molecular marker assisted selection of super-male plants was conducted for all-male breeding of asparagus.Males in S1 population of andromonoecious plants were test-crossed with elite females. Two DNA molecular markers tightly linked to sex determining gene M,Asp1-T7 and Asp1-T7sp,which showed stable and specific amplification,were used for sex identification of individuals in the progeny at seedling stage.Putative‘supermales’(MM)were differentiated from the normal males(Mm) by the presence or absence of‘all-male’population in the progeny. Two out of 14 male plants test crossed were distinguished as putative‘supermales’. The test result of DNA molecular marker-assisted selection was highly consistent with that of the sexual phenotype in field survey.The corresponding combinations originated from the two super-male plants were also identified as all-male combinations.
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Ornamental Plants

  • Assessment of Phylogenetic Relationships of Some Lilium Species and Cultivars Using EST-SSR Markers
  • GE Liang, YUAN Su-Xia, WANG Chun-Cheng, DAN Hong-Chen, YANG Chun-Qi, FENG Hui-Ying, LIANG Yun, XU Lei-Feng, LIU Chun, MING Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2189-2198.
  • Abstract ( 1096 ) HTML ( 2517 ) PDF (635KB) ( 2517 )    
  • Expressed sequence tag derived simple sequence repeat(EST-SSR)markers for Lilium were developed and 19 polymorphic EST-SSR markers were selected to assess the phylogenetic relationships of 22 Lilium species and 74 cultivars. Phylogenetic diagram was constructed using MEGA 5.05 based on Jaccard’s genetic distance data,and principal coordinate analysis was performed to heterotic grouping of 96 accessions. The phylogenetic diagram showed that the species originated from China were first divided into two groupsGroupⅠincluded Lilium lancifoliumL. concolorL. dauricumL. davidiiL. leichtlinii var. maximowicziiL. concolor var. megalanthumL. sulphureumL. pumilumL. brownii var. viridulumL. davidi var. unicdor,et al. Some of them were parents of Asiatic hybrids or Longiflorum hybrids,from which derived Asiatic hybrids,Longiflorum hybrids and LA hybrids;GroupⅡ included L. leucanthumL. henryiL. regale,et al. Some of them were parents of Oriental hybrids or Trumpet hybrids,from which derived Oriental hybrids,Trumpet hybrids and OT hybrids. The results mainly agreed with previous study and recorded evolutionary process of Lilium. Principal coordinate analysis was performed using NTSYS-pc2.11a. Ninety-six accessions were divided into several separate groups:Asiatic hybrids,Oriental hybrids,OT,LA and species,which in accord with known classification.
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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of LlHSF1 from Lilium longiforum
  • YI Jin, LUO Xian, CAO Xing, CHEN Li, XIN Hai-Bo, LI Xiao-Xin, CHEN Jin, YI Ming-Fang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2199-2205.
  • Abstract ( 976 ) HTML ( 2038 ) PDF (578KB) ( 2038 )    
  • A full length cDNA named LlHSF1,belonging to Heat shock transcription factor(HSF),was cloned from Lilium longiforum‘White Heaven’by RT-PCR and RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends). The gene consisted of 1 068 bp and open reading frame encompassed 780 bp encoding a polypeptide of 260 amino acids with calculated protein molecular mass of 30.123 kD. Cluster analysis showed that this gene was highly homologous to known HSF from other organisms. RT-PCR analysis showed that expression of LlHSF1 could be detected in leaf,root and bulb at 22 ℃,and it was expressed highly in the leaf.Theresults with SYBR GREEN real-time quantitative PCR showed that the gene expression level increased in leaves during 1–12 hours at 42 ℃.
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  • Ultrastructure and Accumulation Law of Chlorogenic Acid in Lonicera confusa DC. Flower at Different Developmental Stages
  • MO Ai-Qiong, ZHAO Sheng, WAN Xiao-Rong, GENG Shi-Lei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2206-2216.
  • Abstract ( 1089 ) HTML ( 1559 ) PDF (2303KB) ( 1559 )    
  • Lonicera confusa is the main source plant producing lonicerae flos in South China. In the present study,transmission electron microscope(TEM),histochemical methods and fluorescence microscope were employed to investigate the ultrastructure and accumulation law of chlorogenic acid in Lonicera confusa flower at different developmental stages. The results showed that,with the development of the flower,the structure of chloroplast in corolla tube gradually became perfect,and the starch grains began to accumulate in the chloroplast. The grana and grana lamella appeared in the chloroplast with no starch grain at the stage of young alabastrum. The chloroplast with perfect structure at the stage of green alabastrum accumulated one or numbers of starch grains. A small amount of chloroplasts containing abundant starch grains existed at the stage of white alabastrum. At the stages of silvery and golden flower,there was nearly no chloroplast in corolla tube. Lignification gradually thickened in the cell wall of vessels in the xylem of corolla tube.Abundant chlorogenic acid accumulated in the corolla tube at the stages of young and green alabastrum. The chlorogenic acid content in parenchyma cells at the stage of white alabastrum began to decrease,with relatively high level of chlorogenic acid accumulation in vascular bundle. The chlorogenic acid content in parenchyma cells at the stages of silvery and golden flower further decreased,with scattered distribution. The chlorogenic acid accumulation level in vascular bundle began to decrease,with the main distribution of chlorogenic acid in the xylem ray. Additionally,the chlorogenic acid was examined to be distributed in parenchyma cells,vascular bundle,axial placentation,and ovule in the calyx tube-ovary of the flower at different developmental stages. The present study demonstrates that chlorogenic acid is biosynthesized in the chloroplast,transferred to cytoplasm,and finally accumulated in the vacuole. The number of starch grains in the chloroplast is negatively related with the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid.
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  • Phenotypic Diversity of Populations of Acer mono in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi at Different Altitude
  • JI Zhi-Feng, GAO Ya-Hui, LI Le, MAO Si-Xue, ZHAO Liang, GENG Quan-Ying, WANG Yi-Ling
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2217-2228.
  • Abstract ( 1173 ) HTML ( 1187 ) PDF (278KB) ( 1187 )    
  • This study was conducted to determine phenotypic variation of Acer mono Maxim at different altitude and found out the relationship between phenotypic variation and microenvironment in Shanxi. We used nested analysis,principal component analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis,variance analysis and multi-comparison to analyze the 22 phenotypic traits for 200 individuals in 7 populations of Acer mono Maxim. The results showed that there were significantly differences in genetic variation in phenotypic traits. Mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient among populations was 42.61%. Coefficient of variation of 22 phenotypic traits varied from 7.98% to 33.41%. Shannon-Wiener information index and Simpson genetic diversity index was 2.0164 and 0.8316 respectively,and which showed that there was high phenotypic diversity in Acer mono Maxim. Principal component analysis showed that the four principal components added up to 94.39% of the variation,among which the contribution rate of cone and leaf were higher than that of seed. A significant relationship had occurred between phenotypic traits and some soil factors,like potassium(K),phosphorus(P),potential of hydrogen(pH),indicating the influence of microenvironment of different altitude populations on phenotypic traits of Acer mono Maxim phenotypic diversity index also had a very significant correlation with soil factors. The Acer mono Maxim investigated could be divided into two groups according to the cluster analysis.
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Research Notes

  • Studies of Cross Compatibility and Fecundity on Part of Diospyros
  • ZHAO Dan, WANG Fei, ZHAO Xiu-Ming, YANG Feng-Mei, YU Liang, NIU Jia
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2229-2237.
  • Abstract ( 1057 ) HTML ( 1283 ) PDF (585KB) ( 1283 )    
  • Five varieties of Diospyros kaki,one variety of Diospyros virginiana were used as female plants,and four varieties of Diospyros kaki were used as male plants to study the fecundity of the hybrid. Pollen viability was observed by culture in vitro method. Cross compatibility among different crossing combinations was determined using fluorescence microscope. Fruit setting rate and compatibility index resulted from different combinations of crossing were calculated. The pollen viability of four male plants from the highest to the lowest was‘Za 3-2’,‘Zenjimaru’,‘Za 4-2’,‘Shougatsu’. Among the 24 crossing combinations under study,‘Xinchang Niuxinshi’בZa 3-2’had the highest compatibility index(1.30) and fruit setting rate(73.88%),while the lowest compatibility index(0.03)and fruit setting rate(17.22%) were observed in Meizhoushi × Shougastu. The phenomenon of parthenocarpy and sti-parthenocarpy was observed in Mopanshi and Xinchang Niuxinshi. The phenomenon of parthenocarpy was observed in Huaxian Dahongshi. The phenomenon of non-parthenocarpic was observed in Meizhoushi,Maokuishi and Wakasugikeijirou. The cross compatibility of interspecific persimmon fruits was lower than that of intraspecific persimmon fruits;The cross compatibility and fruit setting rate varied among different varieties,and the cross compatibility index had close correlation with fruit setting rate.
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  • Effects of Continued Pinching on Characteristics of Utilization and Distribution of 13C and 15N for Red Fuji/SH1/ Malus robusta Rehd.
  • LI Jing, JIANG Yuan-Mao, WEI Shao-Chong, ZHOU En-Da, CHEN Ru, GE Shun-Feng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2238-2244.
  • Abstract ( 964 ) HTML ( 1247 ) PDF (242KB) ( 1247 )    
  • Experiments designed to test the effectiveness of autumn shoots on physiological activity and characteristics of distribution and utilization of 13C and 15N on 4-year-old apple tree(Fuji/SH1/ Malus robusta Rehd.). Results showed that continued pinching the autumn shoots,IAA content of leaves significantly decreased and ABA content significantly increased,fine root’s growth decreased to 51.68%,and the activity decreased to 70.10% of the control. 13C absorption and utilization of 15N decreased to 41.01% and 32.22% of the control. 13C and 15N absorption and partition ratio of leaves and new shoots significantly decreased. 13C and 15N partition ratio of stem xylem were significantly increased to 3.59 and 3.86 times,while the 13C and 15N absorption were only 1.45 and 1.26 times respectively. With no significantly differences of 13C partition ratio and significantly increased 15N partition ratio of main root xylem,the absorption of 13C and 15N were significantly decreased to 47.40% and 58.44% of the control.
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  • The Construction and Instruction Manual of Apple Functional Genomic Database
  • ZHANG Shi-Zhong, FU Ying, ZHOU Bo, JIANG Ze-Sheng, XU Rui-Rui, SHU Huai-Rui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2245-2250.
  • Abstract ( 2003 ) HTML ( 3115 ) PDF (234KB) ( 3115 )    
  • Through analyzing and mining the genome-wide sequence of the apple,the Apple Gene Function and Gene Family DataBase(AppleGFDB)provide the classification and phylogenetic analysis of 159 gene families in apple. The database includes a series of information about the genes,including nucleotide or protein sequence,chromosomal location,gene structure,gene ontology(GO),protein conserved domain,interpro,the expression profile,microRNA and related publication. Furthermore,Apple GFDB specially develops a user-interactive platform which provided the researchers a chance to modify annotation of apple genes and submit publication. AppleGFDB was available at http://www. applegene. org/ or http://gfdb. sdau. edu. cn/.
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  • Mechanisms of Oxalic Acid Alleviating Chilling Injury in Harvested Mango Fruit Under Low Temperature Stress
  • XUE Xi-Jia, LI Pei-Yan, SONG Xia-Qin, SHEN Mei, ZHENG Xiao-Lin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2251-2257.
  • Abstract ( 1400 ) HTML ( 1766 ) PDF (254KB) ( 1766 )    
  • Harvested mango fruit(Mangifera indica L.‘Zill’)were dipped in oxalic acid solution of 5 mmol · L-1 for 10 min and then stored under low temperature stress(at 10℃± 0.5 ℃)for 27 days and thereafter at room temperature(about 25 ℃)for 4 days. The results showed that,as compared to control fruit,lower chilling injury index and relative membrane permeability were observed in treated fruit during storage. In addition,oxalic acid treatment not only decreased respiration rate and ethylene release,inhibited activities of peroxidase(POD)and polyphenoloxidase(PPO),and maintained higher flesh L* value during period of later storage,but also maintained higher contents of SSC,free proline and citric acid in fruit during storage. It was suggested that the effects of oxalic acid in enhancing membrane integrity,inhibiting activity of enzymatic browning,and maintaining higher level of osmotic substances including SSC,free proline and citric acid,could contribute to improve cold resistance,and thus alleviate chilling injury in mango fruit during cold storage.
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  • Studies on Heat Shock Inhibiting the Browning of Fresh-cut Burdock
  • FENG Yan-Yan, WANG Qing-Guo
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2258-2264.
  • Abstract ( 931 ) HTML ( 1201 ) PDF (270KB) ( 1201 )    
  • The effects of heat shock treatments on controlling the browning of fresh-cut burdock and its mechanism were discussed.The results showed that:All the three heat shock conditions obviously delayed the browning of fresh-cut burdock during storage time. At 1 ℃,untreated control slices obviously browned on day 3,but those treated with heat shock treatments still had good color till day 12,moreover,their extent of dehydration was much lower and overall sensory quality was much better than control. Inhibition in rise of the activity of phenylalanine aminolyase(PAL),the content of total phenols and the respiration rate by heat shock treatment is the main reason for delaying browning.
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  • Haploid Plant Induction via in Vitro Gynogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Onion(Allium cepa L.)
  • LIU Bing-Jiang, MIAO Jun, HUO Yu-Meng, YANG Yan-Yan, XU Kun, WU Xiong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2265-2270.
  • Abstract ( 1173 ) HTML ( 1728 ) PDF (326KB) ( 1728 )    
  • The flower buds of three intermediate-day hybrid cultivars of onion(Allium cepa L.)from Japanese seed company were cultured in vitro using B5 medium which supplied with 100 g · L-1 sucrose and 2,4-D and 6-BA. The suitable media for haploid induction of onion were B5 medium with 1.5 mg · L-1 2,4-D + 1.5 mg · L-1 6-BA and B5 medium with 2.0 mg · L-1 2,4-D + 2.0 mg · L-1 6-BA. The highest induction rate was 4.00%. Forty-three gynogenic embryos were obtained and each of them developed into the whole plant on the B5 medium with no any plant growth regulators. The regenerated plantlets were domesticated and transplanted in greenhouse. The survival rate was 100%. Ploidy analysis of the regenerants with chromosome counts of root tip cells and flow cytometry analysis of leaf tissue revealed that 42 of them are haploid.
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Review

  • Research Progress on Structural Color Mechanisms and Biological Functions of Low-light Plants in Tropical Rainforest
  • WANG Sa, LI Yu-Hua, ZHANG Yang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2291-2300.
  • Abstract ( 993 ) HTML ( 2486 ) PDF (361KB) ( 2486 )    
  • Many tropical rainforest plants under the low light exhibit a conspicuous blue iridescence on their leaves. The blue iridescence phenotype stems from the various same or different microstructures located in leaf epidermis. All kinds of microstructures are the products of adapting to low-light environment for growth and long-term evolution. The microstructures change the physical characteristics of the reflected light within plant tissue. They enhance light capture of photosynthetically important wavelengths and produce blue iridescence or composite color with periodic variation. The structural color also plays a key role in plant development. This review elaborates the formation mechanisms and biological functions of the structural color in plants.
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New Cultivars

  • ‘Huacheng 1’,A New Citrus Cultivar
  • QIN Yong-Hua, YE Zi-Xing, HU Gui-Bing, LI Gu-Yu, CHEN Jie-Zhong, LIN Shun-Quan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2301-2302.
  • Abstract ( 1005 ) HTML ( 1226 ) PDF (156KB) ( 1226 )    
  • ‘Huacheng 1’,a new citrus cultivar,was selected from Citrus sinensis through seedling selection. Observation on several generations of vegetative progenies showed that the new cultivar had prominent traits such bigger fruit,superior eating quality,high and stable yield with significantly higher sprout retention. The pulp is orange,sweet,fibreless and crisp,containing total soluble solids of 14.14%.
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  • A New Nectarine Cultivar ‘Manyuan Hong’
  • GAO Zheng-Hui, ZHANG Jin-Yun, PAN Hai-Fa, YI Xing-Kai, SHU Bing, SUN Zhi-Xiang, XU Yi-Liu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2303-2304.
  • Abstract ( 2296 ) HTML ( 996 ) PDF (167KB) ( 996 )    
  • ‘Manyuan Hong’is an early-maturing nectarine cultivar which selected from the single branch mutation of‘Zhongyou 4’. It matures about 7–10 days earlier than‘Zhongyou 4’. The fruits are elliptic or oval,weighing 134.8 g on average and 230 g on maximum,with surface covered by red to dark red. The fruits are top flat and around,middle part obvious,carpopodium thick and short,stems broad and deep. The flesh is yellow,hard-melting and succulent crisp. The soluble solids content,total acid content and vitamin C content are 11.8%,0.692% and 87.1 mg · kg-1,respectively. The stone is cling and nuclear stick. The fruit development period is about 70 days. It is very productive. Fruit shelf-life is long.
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  • A New Plum Cultivar‘Bashan Cuili’
  • LIAO Ming-An, LIU Xue-Qi, WANG Zhi-De, QIU Li-Na, LIU Yu, MEI Luo-Yin, 吕Xiu-Lan , REN Ya-Jun, LUO Li
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2305-2306.
  • Abstract ( 1114 ) HTML ( 1201 ) PDF (188KB) ( 1201 )    
  • ‘Bashan Cuili’is a new plum cultivar which was selected from the seedling variation of ‘Qing Cuili’plum. The fruit peel is yellowish green. The color of flesh is light yellow. The average single fruit weight is 38.9 g. The flesh of fruit is crunchy with rich juice,sweet,free-stone14.2% soluble solids content,8.54% total sugar,0.303% total acid,59.9 mg · kg-1 vitamin C and 97.2% edible rate.‘Bashan Cuili’plum has various desirable characteristics including early bearing,high yield,good quality,strong tolerance and resistance to adverse conditions and diseases. It ripens in middle of August at Dazhou areas of Sichuan.
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  • A New Early-ripening Seedless Grape Cultivar‘Wuhe Cuibao’
  • TANG Xiao-Ping, CHEN Jun, MA Xiao-He, ZHAO Qi-Feng, DONG Zhi-Gang, LI Xiao-Mei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2307-2308.
  • Abstract ( 934 ) HTML ( 1048 ) PDF (181KB) ( 1048 )    
  • ‘Wuhe Cuibao’is a new early-ripening seedless grape cultivar which was bred by crossing‘Guibao’with‘Wuhe Baijixin’. Its fruit clusters are large and conical with the average weight of 345 g. The berries are fall ovoid shape,weighing averagely 3.6 g,having a yellowish skin. The flesh is crisp with rose aroma and without seed or 1–2 residual grain. It has soluble solids content of 17.20%,titrtable sugar content of 15.70%,and titrtable acid content of 0.39%. The ratio between sugar and acid is 401. The tree growth is strong,easy to spend,with strong resistence and adaptability.
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  • A New Brewing and Stock Grape Cultivar‘Huapu 1’
  • WANG Hai-Bo, XIU De-Ren, WANG Bao-Liang, WANG Xiao-Di, WEI Chang-Cun, HE Jin-Xing, ZHENG Xiao-Cui, LIU Wan-Chun, LIU Feng-Zhi
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2309-2311.
  • Abstract ( 820 ) HTML ( 1085 ) PDF (203KB) ( 1085 )    
  • ‘Huapu 1’is a grape cultivar derived from‘Zuoshanyi’בWhite Malaga’. The fruits ripen in the mid to late September in Xingcheng area. The berry is round and purple-black color. Its average fruit cluster weight is 214.4 g,and the average single berry weight is 3.1 g. There are no berry drop or little and green berry,in the fruit cluster while maturing. The soluble solids content is 24.1% and 38.5% respectively,the titratable acid content is 1.27% and 1.32% respectively,the juice yield is 70.16% and 20.48% respectively in early October and early December. It has a high yield,early bearing,cold tolerance and disease resistance. Dry-red and ice-red wine brewed from its berry has high quality. The rooting and seedling rate of its cutting is 86.4%–95.7% and 74.1%–88.5% respectively,it is a good rootstock for table grape grafting.
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  • A New Cultivar of Vitis amurensis‘Xuelanhong’for Dry-red Brewing
  • SONG Run-Gang, LU Wen-Peng, ZHANG Qing-Tian, LI Xiao-Hong, YANG Yi-Ming, FAN Shu-Tian, AI Jun, SHEN Yu-Jie, LIN Xing-Gui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2312-2314.
  • Abstract ( 1227 ) HTML ( 1257 ) PDF (234KB) ( 1257 )    
  • ‘Xuelanhong’is a Vitis amurensis derived from‘Zuoyouhong’בBeibinghong’. The fruit cluster is conical,weighing 145.2 g. The fruit is round and blue-black,no meat capsule. The average berry weight is 1.39 g,The fruit soluble solids content is 16.2%–21.8%,the fruit total acid is 12.4–15.6 g · L-1,the tannic content is 0.333–0.398 g · L-1 and the fruit juice rate is 55.3%–62.1%. Dry-red wine is of high quality. The ripening time of berry is in the mid-to-late September in Southeast Jilin. Cold resistant,high yield,the average yield 20.3 t per hectare,increased by 16% than the control cultivar‘Zuoyouhong’.
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  • A New Early Maturing Kiwifruit Cultivar‘Jinyi’
  • CHEN Qing-Hong, GU Xia, ZHANG Lei, QIN Zhong-Qi, SHENG Min
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2315-2316.
  • Abstract ( 1140 ) HTML ( 1150 ) PDF (520KB) ( 1150 )    
  • ‘Jinyi’kiwifruit is an early-maturing cultivar selected from seedlings of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis. The fruit is short cylindrical,while the fruit skin is dark green with sparse villose and small and dense fruit dots. The average fruit weight is 70 g and maximum fruit weight can reach 110 g. The flesh is yellowish green,tender and has a good flavor. The soluble solids content is 17.0%–20.0%,total sugar content is about 12.1%,titratable acid content is 1.28% and vitamin C content is 1 322 mg · kg-1 fresh weight. It matures in early September in Wuhan. Flourishing time tree production 22 500 kg · hm-2.
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  • A New Early-fruiting Walnut Cultivar‘Chuanzao 2’
  • XIAO Qian-Wen, ZHOU Lan-Ying, HU Ting-Xing, PU Guang-Lan, ZHANG Shang-Jie, WU Kai-Zhi, JIN Yin-Chun, LI Sen, SHI Li-Hui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2317-2318.
  • Abstract ( 1951 ) HTML ( 733 ) PDF (170KB) ( 733 )    
  • ‘Chuanzao 2’is a new walnut variety derived from the cross‘Yunxin 7926’בShahe’. The nut is large,with the smooth surface. The kernel is pale and full. The average fruit weight reaches 12.1 g. The shell thickness is 0.80 mm,and kernel percentage is 61.0%. The total fat content is 52.19%,and total protein content is 21.93%. The production of its 5-year-old crown projection area was 600 g · m-2,and the phenomenon of‘big and small year’wasn’t obvious. This early-maturing cultivar has high yield and strong fruiting ability.
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  • A New Strawberry Cultivar‘Shimei 7’
  • YANG Li, LI Li, YANG Lei, ZHANG Jian-Jun, YANG Qiu-Ye, WANG Guang-Hai
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2319-2320.
  • Abstract ( 937 ) HTML ( 1037 ) PDF (169KB) ( 1037 )    
  • ‘Shimei 7’is derived from the cross strawberry‘Tochiotome’בAllstar’.‘Shimei 7’fruit is conical,bright red and shiny. The fruit surface has obvious wax coat,the first grade fruit weight is 33.6 g,the second grade fruit weight is 21.5 g. Fruit flesh is orange red,dense and flesh is thin,fragrant sweet and sour. The soluble solids content is 10.5%. It has high yield,per plant is 358.6 g. It is a medium maturing variety,it is suitable for open cultivation and semi-forcing culture.
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  • A New Strawberry Cultivar‘Rongmei’
  • MI Lin, HUO Heng-Zhi, WAN Chun-Yan, LI Jin-Feng, CHEN Xue-Ping
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2321-2322.
  • Abstract ( 930 ) HTML ( 1072 ) PDF (174KB) ( 1072 )    
  • ‘Rongmei’is a new early ripening strawberry cultivar bred from the cross of‘Banihope’בMeiho’,with disease resistance. The fruit is long cone-shaped and uniform. The average fruit weight is 23.5 g,the maximum is 54.0 g. It has good color with white pulp,bright luster, excellent flavor,tolerance to storage and transport. It has 12.4% soluble solids content,1.547 mg · g-1 vitamin C content,7.05% total sugar content,0.53% total acid content,and 3.7 g · cm-2 firmness. The yield can reach to 40 000 kg · hm-2.
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  • A New Mid-late Maturing Chinese Cabbage Cultivar‘Huibai 88’
  • WANG Cui-Xian, WU Yong-Hui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2323-2324.
  • Abstract ( 810 ) HTML ( 890 ) PDF (222KB) ( 890 )    
  • ‘Huibai 88’is a mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage hybrid,developed by crossing a self-incompatible line 0301-2-8-8 and a inbred self-compatible line 0419-10-4-4. It takes 88–90 days from sowing to harvesting. Its growth is vigorous,its plant height is 68–70 cm,and its expansion is about 65 cm. The outer leaves are erect,dark green andslightly wrinkled,with light green petioles. Its leaf head is cylindrical and slightly twist. The head shape index is 4.3,with longitudinal diameter 63–65 cm and transverse diameter 14–15 cm. The leaf heads are firm. The average head weight is 3.0–3.5 kg. It has less fiber and tastes good. It is of high quality. It does not easily bolt. It is suitable for storage. It is highly resistant to virus disease and black rot and soft rot,and resistant to downy mildew. The yield is 86.75–93.38 t · hm-2. It is suitable for cultivation in Shanxi,Beijing,Hebei,Tianjin,Shandong,Liaoning regions in autumn as mid-late maturing Chinese cabbage.
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  • A New Cucumber Cultivar‘Hayan 4’
  • LIU Da-Jun, YE Yong-Liang, YANG Ren-Jian, ZHANG Li-Zhuo, FENG Guo-Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2325-2326.
  • Abstract ( 824 ) HTML ( 720 ) PDF (151KB) ( 720 )    
  • ‘Hayan 4’is a hybrid fruit type cucumber variety derived from S220-12-1-4 as the female parent and S108-462 as the male parent. The cucumber variety is strong growth vigor,whole female plant,ripe early,melon short,no papilloma. The flesh is green,fragrant and heavy taste. The average fruit weight is 220 g. The variety has highly resistance. It is suitable for open and protected cultivation in the northern region in early spring.
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  • A New Hybrid Chieh-qua Cultivar‘Linglong’
  • PENG Qing-Wu, HE Xiao-Ming, XIE Da-Sen, ZHAO Qin, LIU Wen-Rui, JIANG Biao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2327-2328.
  • Abstract ( 828 ) HTML ( 933 ) PDF (651KB) ( 933 )    
  • ‘Linglong’is a middle-early maturity hybrid of chieh-qua with good quality and high yield. The fruit is in cylinder shape,with dark green skin. It is 16–18 cm in length and 7.0–7.9 cm in diameter,and 1.5 cm in thickness. The white flesh is firm and slight sweet. The hybrid grows vigorously and has wide adaptability,good quality and heat-tolerance. It is suitable for growing in spring and autumn in South China. The yield is above 50–60 t · hm-2.
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  • A New Mid-early Maturing Hot Pepper Cultivar‘Huifeng 3’
  • WANG Heng-Ming, LUO Shao-Bo, LI Ying, XU Xiao-Wan, GUO Han-Quan, LI Ting-Yao, XU Xiao-Mei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2327-2328.
  • Abstract ( 574 ) HTML ( 673 ) PDF (165KB) ( 673 )    
  • ‘Huifeng 3’is a new mid-early maturing cultivar of hot pepper hybrid suitable for South China area by outdoor planting pattern. The shape of fruit in immature is sheep-horn,with green skin,about 17.0–18.1 cm in length,2.83–2.94 cm in width and 0.32–0.37 cm in flesh thickness. The single fruit weight is 42.3–44.7 g. Moreover,the ripe fruit has smooth appearance,high pungent and excellent storage capacity.
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  • A New Wolfberry Cultivar‘Ningqi 7’
  • QIN Ken, DAI Guo-Li, CAO You-Long, JIAO En-Ning, TANG Hui-Feng, YAN Ya-Mei, HE Jun, LI Rui-Peng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2331-2332.
  • Abstract ( 975 ) HTML ( 979 ) PDF (157KB) ( 979 )    
  • ‘Ningqi 7’is a new wolfberry cultivar from the‘Ningqi 1’production garden which planted by nature hybridization seedlings,but its plant shape characteristic is shape difference with‘Ningqi 7’,and the genetic background is unclear. Because of that‘Ningqi 7’has very strong self-incompatibility,so it can be construct the plantation with the only variety,It shows good characteristics such as vigorous growth,high yield,the fruit-bearing branch is thickly and long,growing trend to be opened.‘Ningqi 7’just has lateral flower buds primarily,and that its output is mainly depending on the branch which the same year produced to provide. Because of that the fresh fruit which has very thick fruit pulp,so it easy for drying,at the same time,the feeling in the mouth is sweet,but does not lose the Ningxia wolfberry unique medicine fragrance. The fruit average vertical diameter 2.2 cm,transverse diameter 1.18 cm,and the ratio of vertical diameter/transverse diameter are 2.0,fruit pulp thick 1.2 mm,average content 29 grain seeds;The ratio of fresh or dry fruit are 4.1–4.6. In dry fruit,lycium barbarum polysaccharide content,betaine content,and carotenoid content are 39.7 mg · g-1,10.8 mg · g-1,1.385 mg · g-1. It can cultivate in Ningxia,Qinghai,Gansu,Xinjiang where shows good characteristics and economic efficiency.
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  • A New Salvia miltiorrhiza Cultivar‘Chuan Danshen 1’
  • WANG Meng, ZHANG Li-Wen, XIE Xian-Li, ZOU Zhang-Man, ZHANG Li
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(11): 2333-2334.
  • Abstract ( 1716 ) HTML ( 1362 ) PDF (181KB) ( 1362 )    
  • ‘Chuan Danshen 1’is a new Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivar,which is derived from the Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivated mixed population in Sichuan by system selection. The seeding stage is 65 to 90 d and the growth period is 240 to 270 d. There is no primary xylem in the core of root section. The average production of fresh roots is 12 987.45 kg· hm-2 andthe proportion of first grade products is 40.91%. The content of tanshinoneⅡA and salvianolic acid B are 0.24% and 5.11% respectively. Superiorities of cultivar are early emergence,long growing period,high yield and high superior product rate,good quality and so on. Its regional adaptability and resistance are strong,and it is suitable for cultivation in Longquan Mountain of Northwestern Sichuan.
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