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2012, Vol.39, No.10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Fruit Trees

  • Differences of Anatomic Structure in Citrus Leaves Caused by Boron and Magnesium Deficiency
  • HUANG Jing-Hao, CAI Zi-Jian, XIE Zhong-Chen, LI Mei-Gui, WEN Shou-Xing, LI Jian
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1869-1875.
  • Abstract ( 1401 ) HTML ( 1163 ) PDF (1021KB) ( 1163 )    
  • Boron(B)and magnesium(Mg)are essential mineral nutrients for plant growth and survival. Here by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP),11 nutrient elements in citrus matured spring leaves[including Fortunella crassifolia Swingle,Citrus senisis(L.) and C. Grandis(L.)],of which vein splitted,were determined,and their anatomic structure were also analysed by paraffin section. Results were as follow:B and Mg deficiency both could lead to cracking of vein surface,dysplasia of vascular tissue and separation of sclerenchyma in citrus leaves. The boundary between xylem and phloem in vascular bundle was clear,and ray structure remained intact in leave that suffered from B deficiency. Besides,B deficiency caused necrosis of primary phloem and cortex in midrib,necrosis of primary phloem in lateral veins,as well as hyperplasia of spongy tissue. However,dispersion of epigenetic xylem structure and wooden-ray structure was detected in leaves that suffered from Mg deficiency. Mg deficiency caused a reduction in number and structural changes of chloroplast,necrosis of pith and primary phloem in midrib,tylosis in vessel elements of primary xylem in lateral veins,as well as hyperplasia of primary phloem. Tylosis in vessel elements and irregular hyperplasia of xylem,and necrosis of pith in midrib could be used as diagnostic criteria for Mg deficiency in citrus plants.
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  • Development of Functional SNP Markers Anchored PpKO Gene in Pear
  • TIAN Yi-Ke, WANG Cai-Hong, BAI Mu-Dan, YIN Hao, LI Jie-Fa
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1876-1884.
  • Abstract ( 1979 ) HTML ( 1400 ) PDF (476KB) ( 1400 )    
  • The functional markers based on gene sequences are ideal markers for genotyping,gene mapping and marker assistant selection for associated traits. In this research,5 PCR primer pairs were designed according to the cDNA sequence of PpKO gene in pear which codes the protein of ent-kaurene oxidase(KO),one of the key enzymes in the path of gibberellin synthesis. These primer pairs were tested in the population derived from the cross of‘Aishengli’בChili’by high resolution melting(HRM)ananlysis,and one of them was selected for genotyping. Furthermore,the fine genotyping function of this primer pair was confirmed by 9 cultivars. Sequencing and comparison of amplicons from the progenies and the 9 cultivars showed that the primer pair could amplified a fragment of 200 bp in length,which located in the eighth exon of PpKO gene,with 2 non-synonymous SNPs(single nucleotide polymor- phisms)detected. The two SNPs are genetic markers suitable for high resolution analysis,which are useful tools for genetic mapping,gene location and germplasm identification.
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  • Genetic Analysis and SSR Markers of Acid Gene Ma in Apple
  • WANG Lei-Cun, FAN Hong-Ke, GAO Hua, ZHAO Zheng-Yang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1885-1892.
  • Abstract ( 1083 ) HTML ( 1214 ) PDF (912KB) ( 1214 )    
  • Researches on heredity characters of acid contents and molecular markers of genes controlling acidness can provide supplementary means for apple breeding in quality.A DNA marker linked to the acid gene(Ma) in apple was explored based on the population of 216 progenies of‘Spur Fuji’בPink Lady’by simple sequence repeat(SSR) technique combined with bulk segregation analysis(BSA). One hundred and two primer pairs were screened,and two SSR markers(CH03d12104+ CH03d12118) closely linked to Ma gene was identified. The linkage distance of two markers locus is 3.24 and 2.31 cM,respectively. The SSR marker analysis showed that the fruit acid trait was governed by Ma1 and Ma2,and Ma was completely dominant to ma.
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  • Cloning and Expression Analysis of a New Acyl-CoA-binding Protein 2 (MdACBP2)Identified from Malus domestica
  • BAI Su-Hua, ZHU Jun, DAI Hong-Yi
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1893-1902.
  • Abstract ( 1010 ) HTML ( 2250 ) PDF (445KB) ( 2250 )    
  • To investigate the function of acyl-CoA-binding protein in Malus domestica,we isolated a new ACBP gene(designated as MdACBP2) from leaf cDNA using RACE technique. The full-length cDNA has an open reading frame(ORF) of 378 bp encoding a protein of 125 amino acids. The putative amino acid sequence contains an ACB domain consisting of 85 amino acid residues as predicted with  SMART program. Sequence analysis and structural feature indicated that MdACBP2 belongs to Class Ι of ACBP family. Quantitative real-time PCR experiment revealed that MdACBP2 is expressed in root,leaf,flower,young fruit,bark and bud. The highest mRNA expression was found in leaf,and the lowest in young fruit. The responses of MdACBP2 expression to biotic or abiotic stress were also investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that MdACBP2 expression was inhibited by osmotic stress and Botryosphaeria dothidea infection,but was enhanced by cold stress. There was no significant changes among the apple seedlings treated with 1 mmol · L-1 Pb(NO3)2. It was speculated that MdACBP2 gene might be involved in the defense of apple seedling against cold stress.
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  • Full Length cDNA Cloning and Expression Analysis of UFGT Gene from Ginkgo biloba
  • ZHANG Chuan-Li, CHEN Peng, ZHONG Yue-Ming, ZHOU Chang-Yuan, SHEN Dan-Hong, JIANG Fei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1903-1912.
  • Abstract ( 1343 ) HTML ( 2349 ) PDF (637KB) ( 2349 )    
  • A full length cDNA of UDP-glycose:flavonoid glycosyltransferase gene was obtained from ginkgo leaf for the first time,using degenerate primer PCR and RACE protocol. The sequence which was designated as GbUFGT,had been embodied in GenBank database with an accession No. of JN640564.2. The cDNA sequence and genomic DNA sequence of GbUFGT were the same,in other words,GbUFGT was an intron-less gene. The coding region of GbUFGT was 1 491 bp long,encoding 496 amino acids. The deduced GbUFGT protein containing a typical conversed plant secondary product glycosyltransferase(PSPG)motif,and an UDP-glucoronosyltransferase and UDP-glucosyltransferase domain,showed high identities to other plant UFGTs. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that GbUFGT expressed highly at the whole developmental stages of ginkgo leaf,and the expression levels were similar in different developmental periods,displaying developmental-stage independence.
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  • A Comparative Study on the Polymorphism of Loci cpDNATrnS-TrnG and cpDNATrnQ-rps16 in Cultivated and Wild Loquats
  • WANG Yun-Sheng, LIN Shun-Quan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1913-1918.
  • Abstract ( 7908 ) HTML ( 1668 ) PDF (238KB) ( 1668 )    
  • In order to understand the genetic diversity of loquat(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) in view of domestication of wild loquat,the sequences of loci cpDNATrnS-TrnG and cpDNATrnQ-rps16 of 55 accessions cultivated and some wild loquats collected from different locations were analyzed and compared in this studies. No nucleotide polymorphism was found in cultivated population. However,one indel/insert and two substitutes appeared in the segment of cpDNATrnS-TrnG,and three mutants and two indel/inserts appeared in the segment of cpDNATrnQ-rps16 of wild populations. The results implied very low genetic diversity existed in cultivated population of loquat induced by the severe genetic bottleneck generated during the process of domestication of cultivated loquat.
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  • The Cause of Etiolation of Root Suckers of Chinese Jujube
  • XIE 南南, CUI Ming-Wen, PENG Long, ZHAO Jin, LIU Meng-Jun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1919-1927.
  • Abstract ( 1156 ) HTML ( 1258 ) PDF (740KB) ( 1258 )    
  • In order to explore the reason of etiolated seedling from root suckers of Chinese jujube,morphological index,chlorophyll content,mineral content and molecular variation of etiolated and normal seedling from root suckers of jujube trees were studied in this paper. The results showed that there was no significant change in morphological index between etiolated seedling and healthy seedling from root suckers,but the chlorophyll content of etiolated seedling was significantly lower than that of healthy ones,the mineral content of N,P,K,Mn,Cu,Zn and Fe were significantly increased,Ca and Mg were no significant change. The AFLP analysis showed that there were no obvious differences on the level of genome between etiolated seedling from root suckers and healthy plants. The results of cDNA-AFLP and RT-PCR showed that the Acyltransfer gene expression was higher in etiolated seedlings compared to healthy ones,expression of Ty3-gypsy was decreased dramatically and the expression of GAGA-binding transcriptional activator wasreduced slightly in etiolated ones. So the change of expression of GAGA- binding transcriptional activatorand Ty3-gypsy may influence the chlorophyll synthesis,and then resulted in the etiolation.But in that stress case the expression of genes related photorespiration,such as Acyltransfer,were increased. Those results showed that there were regulatory networks among those genes.
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Vegetables

  • Effects of Irrigation on Roots Distribution and Water Use Efficiency of Own-rooted and Grafted Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse
  • KONG Xiang-Yue, WANG Yong-Quan, SUI Xiao-Lei, ZHANG Zhen-Xian, GAO Li-Hong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1928-1936.
  • Abstract ( 1080 ) HTML ( 1053 ) PDF (201KB) ( 1053 )    
  • A solar greenhouse experiment was carried out to search the optimum mode of water- saving irrigation for cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.‘Jinyu 5’). Different irrigation levels(150,300 and 450 m3 · hm-2 each time)were set. Cucumber plants were either own-rooted or grafted onto the rootstock(Cucurbita ficifolia). Then root distribution,commodity yield and water use efficiency(WUE)were investigated. The results showed that in most cases,a modest reduction in irrigation quantity didn’t significantly affect the growth,the vertical distribution and absorption of cucumber’s root. Compared with conventional irrigation(450 m3 · hm-2 each time),irrigation of 150 m3 · hm-2 each time didn’t significantly affect the yield of own-rooted and grafted cucumber,thus significantly increased WUE. In irrigation of 150 m3· hm-2 each time,the roots of grafted cucumber were strong and stout,a large number of capillary roots were induced and distributed to the deep soil,so that the yield of grafted cucumber was higher significantly than that of own-rooted cucumber. On the whole,in the reduction of irrigation,grafting may obtain favorable effects of root-promoting,water-saving and high yield.
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  • Studies on Salt Tolerance in Tomato Plants by Transformation of YHem1
  • LI Cui, FENG Xin-Xin, ZHANG Zhi-Ping, SUN Xin-E, WANG Liang-Ju
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1937-1948.
  • Abstract ( 949 ) HTML ( 1140 ) PDF (786KB) ( 1140 )    
  • YHem1 was a Saceharomyces cerevisiae Hem1 gene,controlled by an Athaliana HemA1 promoter(a light responsive promoter). When YHem1 was transformed into tomato plants,the leaf endogenous ALA content,the capacities for ALA biosynthesis and catabolism,the chlorophyll content and the antioxidant enzyme activities were all improved,while the superoxide anion()production rate and the malondialdehyde(MDA)content were depressed significantly. Treatment by 200 mmol · L-1 NaCl solution dramatically decreased the ALA biosynthetic and catabolic capacities,and the chlorophyll content in the wild type of tomato plants. It also induced increase of the production rate and the H2O2 and MDA content,but inhibited the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),peroxidase (POD)and ascorbic peroxidase(APX). In the transgenic plants,the ALA metabolic capacities,the chlorophyll content and the antioxidant enzyme activities were also affected by salt stress,but the impacted seriousness was much lower than that in the wild type. Ten days after salt treatment,the transgenic plants kept higher biomass with less salt-induced inhibition,compared with the wild type,which suggested that the YHem1 transformation into tomato might improve its salt tolerance. Additionally,the H2O2 content was generally  higher in transgenic plants than in the WT,either under salt stress or not,which implied that H2O2 might be a molecular signal involved in cellular regulation.
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  • Prokaryotic Expression of Deletion Mutation CP Gene of Potato leafroll virus and Preparation of Antiserum
  • SUI Jiong-Ming, HE Xin-Feng, GUO Zhen, LI Guang-Cun, WANG Jing-Shan, GUO Bao-Tai
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1949-1957.
  • Abstract ( 1116 ) HTML ( 1190 ) PDF (423KB) ( 1190 )    
  • Potato leafroll virus(PLRV)coat protein(CP)gene(PLRV-CP)was amplified by RT-PCR,and the specific product about 630 bp was cloned through T-A ligation. DNA sequencing showed that its length was 627 bp,and the homology of nucleotide sequences between the cloned PLRV-CP gene and other 36 previously published ones was above 96%. Using pBAD/Thio-TOPO as initial vector,prokaryotic expression vector of PLRV-CP gene was constructed and named pBAD-LRCP. DNA fragment(52–177 nucleotides)rich in rare codons of arginine was deleted from PLRV-CP gene by PCR using pBAD-LRCP as template,the yielding recombinant plasmid pBAD-LRCP-126 was indeed the prokaryotic expression vector of deletion mutation CP gene of PLRV. After induction of the engineered strain TOP10(pBAD-LRCP-126)with arabinose,the mutation gene was successfully expressed and 34 kD fusion protein(the recombinant CP)was obtained. High-purity recombinant CP was purified from inclusion bodies with nickel affinity chromatography column,and the purified recombinant CP was used as antigen to immune rabbits. Antiserum specific to PLRV was obtained,its titer was 112 800 in indirect ELISA detection. This research has laid the foundation for preparation of antiserum against PLRV by using recombinant CP as antigen in a large scale.
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  • Construction of cDNA Expression Library of Watermelon and Screening and Identification of Interaction Partner of FonSIX6,a Virulence Factor from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveurn
  • NIU Xiao-Wei, TANG Ning-An, FAN Min
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1958-1966.
  • Abstract ( 1145 ) HTML ( 1390 ) PDF (671KB) ( 1390 )    
  • The fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum(Fon)that causes Fusarium wilt in watermelon is a soilborne fungus. During interactions between F. oxysporum and host plant,the fungus secretes several effector proteins into the plant xylem to promote virulence. These effectors are small cysteine-rich proteins and are called SIX(Secreted in Xylem)proteins. Among them,the SIX6 was proved to be a virulence factor. To understand function and signaling pathway of FonSIX6 in watermelon,FonSIX6 was cloned from Fon. To construct the bait vector pGBKT7-SIX6 for yeast two-hybrid,the encoding region of FonSIX6 was fused to the GAL4 DNA-binding domain in yeast expression vector pGBKT7. Then bait vector was transformed into Y2H gold strain. Transcriptional activation and toxicity test showed that the bait could be used in yeast two hybrid screens. PI296341-FR,a watermelon line that was resistant to all Fon races was used to construct the cDNA expression library in yeast cells.Byyeast two hybrid screens,14 interacting proteins were identified that interact with FonSIX6. These proteins involved in various pathways such as energy metabolism,photosynthesis and regulation of gene expression. According to our results,FonSIX6 may target the host energy and photosynthesis system to promote virulence,while host regulated resistant gene expression response to FonSIX6.
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Ornamental Plants

  • Isolation of RhTRE1 and Its Expression in Response to Ethylene During Flower Opening of Roses
  • SUN Cui-Hui, LIU Dao-Feng, ZHANG Shuai, LI Na, MA Nan, XUE Jing-Qi, GAO Jun-Ping
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1975-1982.
  • Abstract ( 1024 ) HTML ( 1640 ) PDF (650KB) ( 1640 )    
  • A homologous fragment with RTE1 was obtained through screening the rose EST database,then the full length(1 233 bp)of this gene was cloned from rose petals. This gene contained a 732 bp open reading frame,a 339 bp 5′ untranslated region,and a 162 bp 3′ untranslated region. The predicted protein consisted of 243 amino acids,had a calculated molecular mass of 27.6 kD,and its isoelectric point is 6.87. This gene shared high identity with AtRTE1 inArabidopsis,and it belonged to group one in RTE gene families,so it was named as RhRTE1. The expression of RhRTE1 enhanced gradually during the flower opening process,and it could also be induced by ethylene and wounding treatments. Through transferring 35S::GFP-RhRTE1 fusion protein into Arabidopsis,we found that RhRTE1 was located on the cell membranes,and over expression of RhRTE1 reduced the ethylene sensitivity of Arabidopsis. The results above indicated that RhRTE1 may be involved in ethylene regulated flower opening and damage recovery in rose flowers.
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  • Effects of GhLOX1 Gene on the Corm Enlargement in Gladiolus hybridus
  • LIAN Qing-Long, XIN Hai-Bo, LI Xiao-Xin, ZHONG Xiong-Hui, YIN Yi-Lei, YI Ming-Fang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1983-1990.
  • Abstract ( 973 ) HTML ( 1304 ) PDF (373KB) ( 1304 )    
  • The expression level of GhLOX1 gene was analyzed in the corm of Gladiolus hybridus‘Rose Supreme’by Real time RT-PCR,which were treated by different concentration of MJ(0.1,0.2,0.5 mmol · L-1)and SHAM(0.5,0.75,1.0 mmol · L-1)respectively. In addition,LOX activity,endogenesis MJ content,fresh weight and size of corms were also assayed. Analysis results showed that the expression level of GhLOX1 gene,LOX activity and endogenous MJ content,fresh weight and size of corms increased steadily with a MJ gradient from 0.1 mmol · L-1 to 0.5 mmol · L-1. Conversely,these indexes steadily decreased with the increasing concentration of SHAM.At the same time,35S-GhLOX1 over expression vector was constructed,and GhLOX1 gene was transformed into the microtuber slices of potato cultivar‘Zhongshu 3’by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. The results showed that the number,size and fresh weight of transgenic potato tubers had been increased to varying degrees.
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Research Notes

  • Antioxidant Activity and Anthocyanins Analysis of Pulp in ‘Zihong 1’ Red-flesh Apple
  • WANG Yan, CHEN Xue-Sen, LIU Da-Liang, WANG Chuan-Zeng, SONG Yang, CHEN Xiao-Liu, ZHANG Yan-Min
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1991-1998.
  • Abstract ( 1612 ) HTML ( 1687 ) PDF (278KB) ( 1687 )    
  • ‘Zihong 1’apple is red-flesh apple,which belonged to F1 of Xinjiang wild red-flesh apple[Malus sieversii f. neidzwetzkyana(Dieck)Langenf.] and‘Fuji’apple. Pulp of‘Zihong 1’apple was taken as material to determine the anthocyanin content,total phenolic content,flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The results showed that they were 228.3 mg · kg-1 FW,2 523 mg · kg-1 FW,2 514 mg · kg-1 FW and 13.39 μmol · g-1,respectively. Nine anthocyanins were found in red pulp of‘Zihong 1’ apple assayed by UPLC-PAD-/MS/MS,of which four kinds of anthoyanins were detected as cyanidin 3-O-galactoside,cyanidin 3-O-glucoside,cyaniding 3-O-arabinoside and cyanidin 3-O-xyloside. cyanidin 3-O-galactoside was the main anthcyanin,which accounted for 73.3% of total anthocyanins. Structure of the other five anthocyanins couldn’t be determined temporarily. The stability of the anthocyanins was studied and found that the anthocyanins were more stable in aqueous solution which pH value was between 1 and 3,below 40 ℃. The high temperature accelerated degradation of the anthocyanins. The anthocyanins was sensitive to light and the residual amount was only 41.53%.
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  • Studies on Taste Evaluation Indices for Fresh Apple Juice Based on 159 Cultivars
  • NIE Ji-Yun, LI Hai-Fei, LI Jing, WANG Kun, LI Zhi-Xia, WU Yong-Long
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 1999-2008.
  • Abstract ( 1030 ) HTML ( 1488 ) PDF (248KB) ( 1488 )    
  • Using 159 cultivars of apple as samples,relationships among taste,titrable acids(Ta),soluble solids(SSo),soluble sugars(SSu),soluble solids/titrable acids(SSo/Ta),and soluble sugar/titrable acids(SSu/Ta) of fresh apple juice were investigated,and the suitable quantitative evaluation indices for taste of fresh juice and their grading standards were established. The results denoted that:Taste value(Tv),Ta,SSo,SSu,SSo/Ta,and SSu/Ta of fresh apple juice had different dispersion,their coefficient of variation were between 12.2% and 60.7%;Both Ta and SSo of fresh apple juice distributed normally,SSu also distributed normally after 2 cultivars were removed,while Tv distributed near normally;Among Tv,Ta,SSo/Ta,and SSu/Ta of fresh apple juice,there were highly significant simple linear equations or power functions with coefficient of determination up to 0.8811–0.9740;Ta,SSo/Ta,and SSu/Ta were all suitable quantitative evaluation indices for taste of fresh apple juice,among which Ta is the most handy and accurate one;Ta,SSo/Ta,and SSu/Ta of fresh apple juice were all divided into 5 grades(the  corresponding taste of fresh apple juice were respectively sweet,sour-sweet,sour-sweet moderately,sweet-sour,and sour),and the average cultivar ratio of the 5 grades were 3.35%,20.55%,40.67%,22.64%,and 12.79%,respectively.
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  • Changes in Antioxidant Metabolism in the Fruit Pericarps of Citrus During Sunburn Development
  • WAN Ji-Feng, LI Juan, CHEN Jie-Zhong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2009-2014.
  • Abstract ( 1060 ) HTML ( 1287 ) PDF (655KB) ( 1287 )    
  • Fruit sunburn rates of four citrus varieties such as‘Shatangju’,‘Gonggan’,‘Hongjiang’sweet orange and‘Anliu’sweet orange were investigated. Fruits were used as materials to find out the changes of antioxidant level. The results showed that the fruit sunburn rates were different in different citrus varieties. After fruit sunburned,superoxide anion was significantly accumulated in pericarp,lipoxygenase(LOX)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)content significantly increased,leading to aggravation of cell membrane lipid peroxidation. Correspondingly,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,ascorbic acid(AsA)and glutathione(GSH)contents decreased significantly,peroxidase(POD)and polyphenoloxidase(PPO)activities were significantly enhanced. These results indicated that the epidermal antioxidant metabolism in fruit was disordered after fruit sunburned.
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  • Cloning and Characterization of Dehydrins Gene SlDHN2b in Tomato
  • GUO Peng, ZHANG Shi-Gang, JIN Hua, ZOU Ji-Xiang, DONG Yan, JIANG Guo-Bin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2015-2022.
  • Abstract ( 843 ) HTML ( 1459 ) PDF (356KB) ( 1459 )    
  • In present study,a cDNA clone,designated SlDHN2b,was isolated from tomato by RT-PCR. The ORF of SlDHN2b was 1 140 bp and contained 380 amino acid residues. Protein sequence analysis showed that the SlDHN2b was high hydrophilic. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that mRNA accumulation of SlDHN2b was induced by salt stress,abscisic acid(ABA)and dehydration. Analysis of the promoter of PdEPF1 revealed the presence of stress-responsive elements by genome walking kit. Tissue-specific expression indicated that SlDHN2b was mainly expressed in leaves,weakly expressed in bud,flower,stem and the lowest in roots. Analysis of the promoter of SlDHN2b revealed the presence of stress-responsive elements.
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  • A Method for Establishing Core Collection of Pleurotus ostreatus Cultivated in China Based on SSR Markers
  • LI Hui, CHEN Qiang, HUANG Chen-Yang, XIE Bao-Gui, ZHANG Jin-Xia
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2023-2032.
  • Abstract ( 980 ) HTML ( 1081 ) PDF (287KB) ( 1081 )    
  • The method for establishing core collection of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in China based on the molecular markers data was proposed. For 11 SSR makers of 48 P. ostreatus cultivars,an allele preferred sampling strategy was used to establish P. ostreatus core collection using UPGMA cluster method according to the genetic distances and the phenotypic traits. The size of each core collection was determined when the ratio of SSR alleles retained was maintained at 100%,95%,90%,85% and 80% respectively. The ratio of SSR rare alleles retained and t-test of Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index were used to evaluate representativeness of the core collections. This was followed by analyses of the phenotypic representativeness of the core collections,including the coincidence rates of range,mean,and standard deviation between the core collections. Our analyses identified that the allele preferred sampling strategy could be used to establish the most representative core collection with the least
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  • Isolation and Expression of 9-cis Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene in Tree Peony
  • WANG Xiao-Qing, ZHANG Chao, WANG Yan-Jie, DONG Li
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2033-2044.
  • Abstract ( 1321 ) HTML ( 1889 ) PDF (668KB) ( 1889 )    
  • A full-length cDNA(temporarily name it Ps-NCED1)encoding 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid(NCED)was isolated with the techniques of RT-PCR and RACE from petals of tree peony flower and characterized. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that amino acids sequence of Ps-NCED1 shared more than 70% identity with the sequence of NCED from plants such as Vitis viniferaSolanum tuberosumDaucus carota and so on. Ps-NCED1 also had the highest amino acids sequence identity with At-NCED3 of CCD(carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase)family in Arabidopsis. Cut flowers during full open stage had the lowest endogenous ABA levels,to the contrary,flowers during primary and senescent stages had higher ABA levels. The relative real-time PCR analysis was used to identify the expression of Ps-NCED1 in different parts of tree peony at blooming stage. The expression in root and stamen presented the highest,while that in leaf and sepal the lowest. The expression of Ps-NCED1 in the petals from ABA treated flowers during vasing increased with cut flowers opening and senescence,coincided with the ABA content increase,resulted in the assumption that it might be the main member in regulation the ABA biosynthesis in tree peony responding to the postharvest stress during opening and senescence process.
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  • Effect of Different Preservative Solution on the Vase Life of Cut Flower of Tacca chantrieri
  • LIN Ping, WANG Chao, LI Zong-Yan, WU Rong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2045-2048.
  • Abstract ( 967 ) HTML ( 1086 ) PDF (195KB) ( 1086 )    
  • Tacca chantrieri is a precious ornamental cut flower with rare black color. Retaining its freshness is significant importance because of its short vase life. The preservative solution effect on cut flower of Tacca chantrieri treated with vase preservative solutions comprised of sucrose,8-hydroxy- quinoline(8-HQ),and citric acid(CA)was studied. This solution prepared by using orthogonal design method of three factors and two levels. The shape of cut flower,the life of vase and the weight of fresh sample were analyzed. The results showed that all treated solutions could significantly prolong the vase life of cut flowers than the control. Treat A(2% sucrose + 100 mg · L-1 8-HQ + 200 mg · L-1 CA + 50 mg · L-1 6-BA + 100 mg · L-1 K2HPO4)has the most effective results,which delayed the life of branch and fibrous bract 17 d and 14 d,respectively. It is the most efficient vase preservative formula for cut flower of Tacca chantrieri.
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Review

  • Bioinformatics Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Genes Family in Apple
  • XU Rui-Rui, ZHANG Shi-Zhong, CAO Hui, SHU Huai-Rui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2049-2060.
  • Abstract ( 1699 ) HTML ( 4494 ) PDF (1564KB) ( 4494 )    
  • MdWRKY gene family,gene classification,chromosome location,sequence alignment and conserved structure domains of MdWRKY proteins were predicted and analyzed with bioinformatics methods,alignment of amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis. The amino acid sequences of the WRKY domain of all MdWRKY and possible orthlogs in Arabidopsis were aligned with Clustal W and the phylogenetic analysis tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method in MEGA 5.0. The results showed that MdWRKY family contained 116 genes,which was further divided into three groups(GroupⅠ,GroupⅡ and Group Ⅲ). In addition,members in GroupⅡ can be further divided into five sub-groups(from Ⅱa to Ⅱe). A total of 112 MdWRKY genes were mapped to 17 chromosomes,whereas only 4 MdWRKY genes were not mapped to any particular chromosome. For example,Chr 1 encompasses the largest number of 12 MdWRKY genes,while the lowest number(Chr 14)contained 2 MdWRKY genes. MdWRKY proteins contained from 118 to 965 amino acids and the isoelectric point is from 4.81 to 10.16. Expression analysis showed that the expression levels of most MdWRKY genes were altered during the ripening process and rootstock-scion interactions process.
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  • A Review and Perspectives on Genetic Improvement of Salt and Drought Tolerance in Tomato
  • SUN Yu-Yan, LIU Lei, ZHENG Zheng, ZHANG Chun-Zhi, ZHOU Long-Xi, ZONG Yuan-Yuan, LI Tao, LI Jun-Ming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2061-2074.
  • Abstract ( 1024 ) HTML ( 2928 ) PDF (331KB) ( 2928 )    
  • The genetic improvement of tomato tolerance to drought and salt stress was reviewed in this paper. The contents mainly included the potential wild tomato species for drought and salt tolerance and the evolution,QTL exploration,the genetic and stacking effects of the identified QTLs,and the genetic engineering with exogenous genes,including ion transport and compartmentalization,osmotic regulation,antioxidant protection,transcription factor,stress related proteins,for tomato genetic improvement with drought and/or salt tolerance. Meanwhile,the present problems and future strategies,mainly including phenotype determination of drought and salt tolerance in tomato,genome wide association study(GWAS),genetic engineering,cross-talking,small RNA and epigenetics,were also discussed.
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New Cultivars

  • A New Apple Cultivar‘Sushuai’
  • SHENG Bing-Cheng, QU Shen-Chun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2075-2076.
  • Abstract ( 1066 ) HTML ( 1029 ) PDF (158KB) ( 1029 )    
  • The new apple cultivar‘Sushuai’bred from the cross between‘Golden Delicious’used as female parent and‘India’used as male parent. The trees growth robust and has compact canopy and erromenus branches. The fruit is quite pretty,truncate conical and has smooth and green-yellow skin with small fruit dot and do not have fruit rust. The basic fruit development growth is 155 d. The average single fruit weight is 241 g and the total yield is 45 t · hm-2.
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  • A New Cold Resistant Apple Cultivar‘Zixiang’
  • LIU Wen-Dong, WANG Li-Dong, WU Li-Ren, LIU Yan-Jie, LIU Jin-Jiang, CHENG Xian-Min, JIAO Kui-Bao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2077-2078.
  • Abstract ( 1394 ) HTML ( 916 ) PDF (207KB) ( 916 )    
  • ‘Zixiang’is a new apple cultivar bred from the cross of‘Honghaitang’and‘Chiyang’. Fruit is short-cone and the average fruit weight is 45 g,with the maximum of 74 g. It has a light-yellow background color,fruit surface covered with bright-red. The flesh is white,with strong aroma and a proper ratio between sugar and acid. It has a high and stable yield. The fruits ripen in late August to early September in the southeast region of Heilongjiang. The plant has strong adaptability and resistance to stress,apple scab and apple brown patch.
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  • A New Mid-ripening Flat Peach Cultivar‘Ruipan 19’
  • GUO Ji-Ying, ZHAO Jian-Bo, JIANG Quan, CHEN Qing-Hua, LI Xin-Yue, REN Fei, YAN Feng-Jiao, WU Xiao-Hong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2079-2081.
  • Abstract ( 1032 ) HTML ( 1000 ) PDF (176KB) ( 1000 )    
  • ‘Ruipan 19’is a mid-ripening flat peach cultivar derived from the cross of‘Fantasia’בRuipan 4’. The flower is showy with much pollen. Its average fruit weight is 161 g,and the biggest one is 233 g. The fruit is flat with red blush. The flesh is white,melting,sweet and clingstone. The soluble solids content is 11.3%. The fruit development period is 119 days. It has high yield.
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  • A New Excellent Late-maturing Grape Cultivar‘Zhongshanhong’
  • TAO Jian-Min, ZHANG Zhen, GAO Zhi-Hong, XU Xi-Lou, SHENG Bing-Cheng, ZHENG Huan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2082-2084.
  • Abstract ( 894 ) HTML ( 1046 ) PDF (209KB) ( 1046 )    
  • ‘Zhongshanhong’is an late-maturing cultivar derived from the self progenies of‘Wink’. Its vines are strong,easy to form flower. It has lately bearing,high yield,be able to store and transport for a long time,with good adaptability to environment and normal disease-resistance. Its cluster is large and conical with the average weight of 600 g. The berries are oblong with the average weight 9.53 g and black purple in color. The flesh is hard,sweet with flavor. Its fruit quality is rather good with soluble solids content of 22% to 23%,the highest reach to 25%,acid 0.44% to 0.65%. The total maturity of fruit is in mid-late September.
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  • A New Cold-resistant Chestnut Cultivar‘Yanxing’
  • WANG Guang-Peng, KONG De-Jun, ZHANG Shu-Hang, LIU Qing-Xiang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2085-2086.
  • Abstract ( 888 ) HTML ( 838 ) PDF (173KB) ( 838 )    
  • The new cold-resistant chestnut cultivar‘Yanxing’was selected from the wild seedlings of chestnut in Yanshan Mountain. It has excellent characteristics such as good quality,high yield,early fruit,drought tolerance,barren resistance and strong cold resistance. The nut average mass is 8.20 g,sugar content of 22.23% and starch content of 52.90%. The flesh of nut is fine and smooth. The nuts are perfect for stir-fry. The new cultivar is appropriate to be planted in mountains and hills of Yanshan Mountain in north region of China.
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  • A New Tomato Hybrid‘Yanfan 9’
  • XIA Xiu-Bo, WANG Quan-Hua, YIN Guo-Xiang, CAO Shou-Jun, YAO Jian-Gang, LI Su-Mei, ZHANG Huan-Chun, ZHOU Yang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2087-2088.
  • Abstract ( 809 ) HTML ( 929 ) PDF (222KB) ( 929 )    
  • ‘Yanfan 9’is a new tomato F1 hybrid developed by crossing XM-2-10-16-3-5-9 as female parent and EL-10-4-8-5-13 as male parent. It is resistant to tomato virus disease and leaf mold. The fruit is round shape,red color,hard and durable for storage and transportation. The average fruit weight is about 200 g. It have a high yield and reach to 10.3 t · hm-2. It is suitable for protected cultivation in China and open field cultivation in Moscow,Rostov,and Vladivostock of Russia.
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  • A New Chinese Chive Cultivar‘Haijiu 2’
  • HUI Zhi-Ming, JIANG Zhong-Ren, ZHANG Shu-Gen, XING Yong-Ping, LI Chun-Ling
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2089-2090.
  • Abstract ( 991 ) HTML ( 968 ) PDF (162KB) ( 968 )    
  • ‘Haijiu 2’is a new dormant Chinese chive cultivar that was derived from a hybrid between the male-sterile line‘Xiaohuangmiao’and the line‘J-95-42’of‘Pingjiu’(the pollen donor). The cultivar was bred by repeated selfing and selecting to pyramid multiple desirable traits from both parents. The plants grow vigorously with dark greenleaves about 0.8 cm in width,reaching an average fresh weight of 6.7 g per plant. The content of soluble sugar and cellulose is 1.58% and 0.89% respectively. The cultivar adapted widely to diverse agricultural zones with an average yield about 166 440 kg · hm-2 per annum. Furthermore,the plants have strong cold resistance and heat tolerance. It is suitable for open field cultivation and protected cultivation in early-spring.
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  • A New Eggplant Cultivar‘Zhuqie 9’
  • JIANG Jun, ZHAO Hong-Xing, HU Ying-Bei, WANG Zhen
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2091-2093.
  • Abstract ( 923 ) HTML ( 1153 ) PDF (231KB) ( 1153 )    
  • ‘Zhuqie 9’is a new F1 eggplant cultivar developed by crossing self-line P98-01 selected from Henan‘Runan Ziyuanqie’eggplant variety with self-line H01-12 selected from Hebei‘Chengqie 2’. The fruit is egg round-shaped,purplish red and white fruit pulp. The fruit’s longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter are 12.30 cm and 12.40 cm respectively,meanwhile the average fruit weight is about 540 g. The fruit is of smooth surface,less fibre,better quality and high yield. It has strong resistance to bacterial wilt,phytophthora rot and Verticillium wilt,disease indexes were 1.37,3.10 and 3.37. The new eggplant hybrid‘Zhuqie 9’is suitable to be cultivated in spring in protected and open field in Henan.
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  • A New Doritaenopsis Cultivar‘Tianbao Hong’
  • ZHUANG Xi-Qing, WANG Mei-Sheng, LAI Wen-Sheng, CHEN Jin-He, HUANG Ya-Feng, LIN Xiao-Lan, ZHANG Ying, LIN Min-Bin, LIN Jiao
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2094-2096.
  • Abstract ( 1210 ) HTML ( 971 ) PDF (212KB) ( 971 )    
  • A new Doritaenopsiscultivar‘Tianbao Hong’has been bred by the hybridization of Dtps. Sogo Beach‘Super Firebird’× Dtps.‘Formosa Rose’. The individual plant has long-oval leaves with the average length of(22.64 ± 0.94)cm and the width of(7.65 ± 0.21)cm. The flower with the average diameter of(10.8 ± 0.46)cm is in the bright red color with the deep rose red lip,white bract of stigma pollen and thick petal texture. The florescence with its flowers toward the front row is bended naturally without human forming. It has a high ornamental value with a long flowering period and a low temperature tolerance.
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  • A New Wolfberry Cultivar‘Ningqi 5’
  • QIN Ken, DAI Guo-Li, LIU Yuan-Heng, TANG Hui-Feng, JIAO 恩Ning, LI Rui-Peng, HE Jun, YAN Ya-Mei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2012, 39(10): 2099-2100.
  • Abstract ( 859 ) HTML ( 981 ) PDF (147KB) ( 981 )    
  • ‘Ningqi 5’is bred from male-sterile wolfberry cultivar plant(YX-1)by asexual plant propagation. It shows good characteristics such as vigorous growth,high yield,high nutritional components. The largest fruit weight 3.2 g,average weight 1.1 g. The fruit average vertical diameter 2.54 cm,transverse diameter 1.74 cm,fruit pulp thick 0.16 cm,content 15–40 grain seeds. In dry fruit,the total sugar content,lycium barbarum polysaccharide content,carotenoid content,and betaine content are 560 mg · g-1,34.9 mg · g-1,1.20 g · kg-1 and 9.8 mg · g-1,respectively. The fresh fruit grain is big,the meat is thick,the fruit shape is exquisite;At the same time,it does not lose the Ningxia wolfberry unique medicine fragrance.
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