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2005, Vol.32, No.3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

研究论文

  • Effect of Calcium-Calmodulin on the Thermotolerance Induced by Salicylic Acid in Young Grape Seedlings and Associated with Antioxidant System
  • Liu Yueping;Huang Weidong;Zhang Junhuan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 381-386.
  • Abstract ( 1300 ) HTML ( 1928 ) PDF (283KB) ( 1928 ) 　　　
  • Effect of Ca2+-CaM on the thermotolerance induced by SA in young grape seedling swas studied. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, MDA, CaM, proline were measured after the treatments. The results showed that SA could induce the thermotolerance of grape seedlings and Ca2+ enhanced the SA-induced thermotolerance. In contrast, pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator EGTA, the plasmalemma Ca2+ channel blocker La3+ , which was expected to inhibit the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into cells, and the CaM antagonist W7 weakened the SA-induced thermotolerance. Under heat shock, pretreatment with SA or Ca2+ ( SA + Ca2+ ) increased the level of CaM in leaves, but EGTA ( SA + EGTA) , La3+ ( SA + La3+ ) or W7 ( SA +W7) decreased the levels of CaM. SA pretreatment enabled seedlings to maintain higher activities of SOD and CAT,
    and a lower level of MDA to weaken oxidative stress induced by heat shock. Ca2+ pretreatment further enhanced the SA-induced increase of SOD or CAT activity, but EGTA, La3+ and W7 had a contrary effect. POD or APX activity of each treatment had little change before and after heat shock. In addition, pretreatment with SA or Ca2+ ( SA +Ca2+ ) enhanced the content of proline and kept higher level under heat shock, the level of proline in each seedling pretreated with antagonists had no obvious difference to the control. These results showed that SA-induced thermotolerance was medicated by Ca2+ and required the entry of extracellular Ca2+ into cells through plasmalemma, and was related with antioxidant enzymes and proline.
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  • Some Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics in Grapevine underOvercast and Rainy Days
  • Wu Yueyan;Wang Caisheng;Wu Qiufeng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 387-391.
  • Abstract ( 1511 ) HTML ( 966 ) PDF (242KB) ( 966 ) 　　　
  • The potted grape vines of‘Manicure Finger’ (Vitis vinifera L. ) were used for studying the photosynthesis under overcast and rainy days and the physiological characteristics of isolated intact chloroplasts under hypotonic swelling . The results of research showed that the net photosynthetic rate decreased under overcast and rainy days and thatwould increase when it was cleared up. Both water potential (Ψw ) and stom atal resistance (Rs) and glycolate oxidase activity negatively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate ( Pn) ( r = - 0.96109, r = - 0.95609, r = - 0.94613 ). When the osmotic pressure of the medium was decreased by lowering sorbitol concentration from 0.33 mol·L - 1 to 0.18 mol·L - 1 , the percentage of intact chloroplasts decreased slightly but the volume of chloroplasts swelled obviously and the activity of phosphatase was strongly decreased. The swelling of chloroplast and the decreasing of the activity of phosphatase were significantly inhibited the photosynthesis of grapes in the overcast and rainy days. The volume of chlorop lasts would restored to normalwhen the osmotic pressure of the medium was becoming to normal. Itwas the one of the reasons for the photosynthesis increasing after the rain.
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  • Studies on Photosynthetic Character istics of Juglans hopeiensis Hu in the Field
  • Wang Hongxia;Zhang Zhihua;Wang Wenjiang;Gao Yi;Sun Hongchuan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 392-396.
  • Abstract ( 1639 ) HTML ( 1382 ) PDF (147KB) ( 1382 ) 　　　
  • Photosynthetic characteristics of Juglans hopeiensis Hu ‘Yihe 1’were studied by an open gas analysis system of model CI-301PS in the orchard. The results indicated that the light compensation and light saturation points of Juglans hopeiensis Hu were 50 μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 and 1643 μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1 , respectively. The optimum temperature of Pn was 29 ℃. The curve of diurnal variation of Pn in Juglans hopeiensis Hu showed two peaks with a minimum at noon. Two peaks appeared in the curve of seasonal variation of Pn of Juglans hopeiensis Hu, the first peak occurring in May, and the second peak occurring in August. The diurnal change of Pn in Juglans hopeiensis Hu was influenced by stomatal conductance, PAR (photosynthetic available radiation) , leaf temperature, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate. The Pn of Juglans hopeiensis Hu were lower than that of English-walnut, and approached that of Manchurian walnut.
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  • Inheritance of S-gene among the F1 Progenies in Apricot
  • Wu Yan;Chen Xuesen;Feng Jianrong;Chen Xiaoliu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 397-402.
  • Abstract ( 1453 ) HTML ( 1023 ) PDF (340KB) ( 1023 ) 　　　
  • Inheritance of S-gene in apricot was studied with 4 - 5 years old Katy(self-compatibility) ,Xinshiji ( self-incompatibility) , and F1 progenies from Katy ×Xinshiji, Katy ×Hongfeng ( self-incompatibility) and Katy ×Taianshuixing ( self-incompatibility) as materials. Self-compatibility was determined by investigating fruiting percentage of self-pollination in fields, and S-genotypes were detected by S-allele specific PCR. The results were as follows: according to the standard that fruiting rate of self-pollination in self-compatible cultivar was higher than 6%, the ratios of self-compatible to self-incompatible seedlingswere 27∶25, 9∶12 and 15∶19 in the above three families, respectively, and they were proved to be a 1∶1 segregation by X2 test, so it could be concluded that the self-compatibility of Katy was transferable and heterozygous, and self-compatibility was dominant to self-incompatibility. Ulterior 38 seedlings from the F1 population of Katy (ScS8) ×Xinshiji (S9S10 ) crosswere studied bymeans of S-allele-specific PCR, and four S-genotypes, 21 (ScS8 ,S8S9 ) ∶9 (ScS10 ) ∶8 (S8S10 ) , were amp lified which were confirmed to 1∶1∶1∶1 expected ratio by X2 test, but the self-compatibility represented quantitative character and the fruiting percentage of self-pollination separated widely in hybridswith the same S-genotype, then it indicated that self-compatibility in apricot was not only determined by S-gene or S-genotypes, but also affected by other factors, such as modifying genes.
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  • Detection of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus with RT-PCR and Analysis of the Sequences of 3' Terminal Region
  • Yang Hongyi;Zhang Zhihong;Gao Xiuyan;Du Guodong;Dai Hongyan;Li He
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 403-407.
  • Abstract ( 1846 ) HTML ( 1129 ) PDF (426KB) ( 1129 ) 　　　
  • Coat protein gene segment of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus ( SMYEV) was amplified with some special primers by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from strawberries plants,and testified by sequencing. A stable system for detection of SMYEV with RT-PCR was established, and among nineteen strawberries cultivars and two wild strawberries species checked, twelve cultivars and Fragaria pentaphylla were infected. The 932 bp segment in 3' terminal region of SMYEV genome was amplified from Shenyang isolate SY01. Comparison showed it shared 86%～96% nucleotide acid identity with the published sequences. Phylogenetic analysis shows that all isolates of SMYEV fell into three clades. The Shenyang isolate SY01 lay in the same clade with the Europe and America isolates, but formed a small separate branch. Analysis of RNA secondary structure showed that three stem-loop structures were formed in 3'terminal region, and sequence differences in all isolates impacted little on the stem-loop structures.
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  • Quick Detection of Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) by One-step RT-PCR
  • Tang Kezhi;Peng Jun;Wang Xuefeng;Zhou Yan;Zhou Changyong;Liu Kehong;Liu Ying;Yang Fangyun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 408-413.
  • Abstract ( 1629 ) HTML ( 1606 ) PDF (549KB) ( 1606 ) 　　　
  • Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) causes an important citrus disease throughout the world. To date, variousmethods have been developed for detecting this viroid. One-step reverse transcrip tion and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been approached to detect CEVd. Compared with biological indexing and detection by sequential polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sPAGE) , detection by One-step RT-PCR was more sensitive and quicker than that by other methods, overcoming the detection difficulty derived from low viroid concentrations in winter and spring. Large number field trees were detected by the One-step RT-PCR method.
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  • The Induction of Multiple Buds and Soma tic Embryogenesis of Musa AAB Silk ‘Guoshanxiang’
  • Wei Yuerong;;Huang Xuelin;Huang Xia;Li Jia;Xiao Wang;Li Xiaoju
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 414-419.
  • Abstract ( 1807 ) HTML ( 1284 ) PDF (593KB) ( 1284 ) 　　　
  • Musa AAB Silk ‘Guoshanxiang’ is an important germplasm of banana in China. The induction of embryogenic callus and somatic embryogenesis from scalp of the multiple buds induced from this cultivar was investigated. Cauliflower-like compact buds (multiple buds) could be induced from meristem of single adventitious bud of this cultivar in P4 medium consisted of MS salts and vitamins supplemented with BAP 100 μmol·L - 1 and IAA 1 μmol·L - 1 after subculture for five cycles. The maximum percentage of the calli induction, 97.6% , from the scalps was obtained on medium supp lemented with 2,4-D 5 μmol·L - 1 and Zeatin 1 μmol·L - 1 in the dark for 45 days when the multiple buds, before cut of the scalp, were precultured in the light with a 16 h photoperiod provided by cool white fluorescent tubes with a light intensity of 30 μmol ·m- 2 ·s- 1. After 20 days of the induction culture, yellowish nodular callus ( also called meristematic globules) were initially produced on the surface of the scalp, and 17.5% of the whitish or buff and friable embryogenic callus were produced on the surface of the nodular callus after culture for 90 - 120 days. After culture on mature medium for 60 days, 14.5% of the somatic embryos induced from the embryogenic callus could be germinated, and 11.1% of the germinated embryos were converted to plantlets.
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  • Effects of Different Light Qualities on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Tomato Seedlings
  • Pu Gaobin;Liu Shiqi;Liu Lei;Ren Lihua
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 420-425.
  • Abstract ( 1948 ) HTML ( 3616 ) PDF (211KB) ( 3616 ) 　　　

  • Effects of different light qualities (blue light, green light, yellow light, red light and white light) on the growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlingswere studied. The results showed that under red light the drymatter accumulation, leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar
    content and total sugar contentwere allmaximalwhile the chlorophyll a /b ratio and total nitrogen content were lowest compared with the other treatments. The stem diameter, leaf area, root activity and photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlingswith blue lightwere higher than that ofwhite light. The healthy index of the seedling treated by blue lightwasmaximal, and the red light treatment was the second. It is concluded that blue light or red light treatment could accelerate the growth of tomato seedlings, and benefit the breeding of healthy seedling. The blooming was early and the yield was imp roved obviously by blue light treatment.

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  • Transformation of Glucose Oxidase Gene in Tomato
  • Wang Quanhua;Ge Chenhui;Wang Xiufeng;Zhang Huanchun;Li Sumei;Yin Guoxiang;Zhu Yanhong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 426-432.
  • Abstract ( 1633 ) HTML ( 1303 ) PDF (517KB) ( 1303 ) 　　　
  • The plant expression vector pCPGO, comprising a GO gene from Aspergillus niger driven by prp1-1 promoter and containing a selectable marker bar gene for resistance to the herbicide phosphinothricin, was constructed. Five tomato inbred lines were transformed via Agrobacteriumtum efaciens mediated method and 58 transgenic tomato plants were obtained. PPT resistance, PCR detection and Southern blot analysis showed that the GO gene was integrated into tomato genome. Expression of the GO gene was verified by KI2 Starch staining and measurement of H2O2 content. The transgenic tomato flowered normally, whereas compared with wild-type plants, the seed set in transgenic tomato was fewer and the germination rate of seeds was less. After germination, the transgenic plants showed normal development. T1 tomato plants infected with Fulvia fulva showed enhanced disease resistance, delayed disease symptoms and reduced leaf lesions to different extent. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT and the content of soluble protein were increased. These results indicated
    that overexpression of GO gene in transgenic tomato plants improved disease resistance.
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  • Changes of Polyamines Metabolism in Roots of Cucumber Seedlings underRoot-zone Hypoxia Stress
  • Wang Tian;;Wang Suping;Guo Shirong;Gao Hongbo
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 433-437.
  • Abstract ( 1482 ) HTML ( 1515 ) PDF (296KB) ( 1515 ) 　　　
  • The effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) and inhibitor of polyamine oxidase (PAO) on growth of roots, endogenous polyamine levels, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ) content and activity of polyamine oxidase in roots of cucumber seedlings under root-zone hypoxia grown hydroponicallywere studied. The results showed that exogenous polyamines could imp rove roots growth of cucumber seedlings, and levels of free putrescine Put) , spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) in cucumber roots obviously increased under hypoxia stress. Exogenous Spd and inhibitor of PAO induced an increase in free polyamine levels and decreased H2O2 content in cucumber roots, which could alleviate damage of hypoxia stress to cucumber seedlings. Polyamines are products responding to hypoxia stress and PAO belongs to adaptive enzyme whose activities change with levels of polyamines.
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  • Identification RAPD Markers Linked to Male Sterility in Watermelon
  • Zhang Xian;;Wang Ming;Zhang Jinsheng;Ma Jianxiang;Yang Jianqiang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 438-442.
  • Abstract ( 1575 ) HTML ( 1366 ) PDF (303KB) ( 1366 ) 　　　
  • The genic male-sterile plants and male-fertile plants were compared by using 220 arbitrary primers with RAPD technique. The results showed that arbitrary primers S1167 and S357 can amp lified different polymorphism bands between male-sterile plants and male-fertile plants. The results of test showed that arbitrary primer S1167 could amplify a specific polymorphism band among 132 different plants. The male sterile plants and male fertile plants could be distingushed. The specific polymorphism bands were isolated and the
    sequences were tested. The bands amplified by S1167 are 2 391 bp.
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研究简讯

研究论文

  • AFLP Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Taro Germplasm s in Yunnan Province
  • Shen Di;Zhu Dewei;Li Xixiang;Song Jiangping
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 449-453.
  • Abstract ( 1417 ) HTML ( 1208 ) PDF (454KB) ( 1208 ) 　　　
  • The genetic diversity of 48 taro 〔Colocasia esculenta (L. ) Schott〕germplasm resources collected from Yunnan province were analyzed by AFLP technique and “3 + 2”primers labeled with fluorescence. 184 DNA bandswere amplified by three pairs of AFLP primers and 56.3 polymorphic bands per pair of primer were produced on average. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 91.8%. Rich genetic diversity of taro germplasm was displayed at DNA level in Yunnan province. Cluster analysis showed that the relationship between wild germplasms and cultivars was far, and the classification result based on AFLP markers of cultivars was basically consistent with those on their morphological characters.
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  • Effects of GA3 Treatment on Lignification and Endogenous Hormone Levelsof Postharvest Bamboo Shoots
  • Luo Zisheng
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 454-457.
  • Abstract ( 1457 ) HTML ( 1368 ) PDF (207KB) ( 1368 ) 　　　
  • The effect of treatmentwith 50 mg·kg- 1 GA3 solution for 30 min on lignification and endogenous hormone levels in postharvest bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox f. preveynalis) shoots were investigated. Results showed that the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase ( PAL) , cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) and peroxidase ( POD) increased initially and declined later during the 30 days storage at 2 ℃. The lignin content and firmness continuously increased, but edible rate decreased gradually. The contents of GA3 and IAA declined continuously, where as ABA content increased firstly and then declined. The activities of PAL, C4H and POD were correlated with the rate of ABA /GA3. Exogenous GA3 treatment increased endogenous level of GA3 content and decreased the rate ofABA /GA3 aswell as inhibited the increase of PAL, C4H and POD activities in bamboo shoots. The firmness and lignin content in GA3 treated bamboo shoot were lower than those of control, while the edible rate was higher than that of control. It is suggested that GA3 treatment retarded lignification through decreasing the rate of ABA /GA3 in postharvest bamboo shoots.
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  • Morphological Studies on Floral Organ Development of the Flowers with Single- and Triple-whorled Petals in Lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum )
  • Li Yunhui;Li Yuhua
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 458-462.
  • Abstract ( 1495 ) HTML ( 1744 ) PDF (517KB) ( 1744 ) 　　　
  • The objectives of this study were to characterize the floral organ development of the flowers with single- and triple-whorled petals in lisianthus ( Eustoma grandiflorum ). The first and second buds in a primary inflorescence were collected. A floral shoot apex of each bud was dissected, observed and recorded under stereoscope. The results were as follows: 1. Floral organ development in both types of flowers was divided into five stages from the beginning of flower bud differentiation, i1e. , (1) appearance of flower buds and the initiation of the development of ( 2) sepal primordia, (3) petal primordia, (4) stamen primordia, and (5) pistil primordium. 2. It took about 12 days for flowers with single-whorled and about 15 days for those with trip le-whorled to develop from the initiation to the end. 3. In both types of flowers, the number of sepals, petals and stamenswas five, except only one pistil. The number of petals was five and fifteen for the flowerswith single-whorled and trip le-whorled petals, respectively.
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研究简讯

研究论文

  • Studies on the Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Lilium ssp.by RAPD Technique
  • Zuo Zhirui;;;Mu Ding;Gao Junping;Liu Chun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 468-472.
  • Abstract ( 1471 ) HTML ( 1082 ) PDF (374KB) ( 1082 ) 　　　
  • Sixty wild species and cultivars of L ilium ssp. were analyzed by RAPD. 22 random primers generated 224 bands in total, and 163 bands showed polymorphism, the average polymorphism rate was 72.77%. The dendrogram of the 60 lilymaterialswas generated byUPGMA (Unweighted Pair-group Method
    Arithmetic Average) method, and was divided into two groups. The first group included Longiflorum ×Asiatic hybrids, wild species, Asiatic hybrids, Trumpet hybrids, Oriental ×Trumpet hybrids, which was further divided into two subgroups. The second group was the clustering of L. speciosum , Longiflorum hybrids and Oriental hybrids. In addition, the Oriental hybrids were also divided into two small group s. Based on the results, the relationship between the groups, or subgroups, and the origin and derivation of the cultivars were analyzed. The 60 materialswere finally classified into 14 groups. It was found, by statistical analysis, that the genetic similarity between the groups presented an opposite trend with their genetic distance.
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  • Study on Numerical Taxonomy of Chinese Cultivated Herbaceous Peonies and Its Related Wild Species
  • Guo Xianfeng;;Wang Lianying
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 473-476.
  • Abstract ( 1367 ) HTML ( 1144 ) PDF (250KB) ( 1144 ) 　　　
  • With selected 21 morphological characters, cluster analysis for 27 Chinese cultivated herbaceous peonies and 5 wild specieswas performed. The result was showed by dendrogram. According to the increasing order of the genetic distance coefficient between certain species and the cultivars, the 5 species were arranged as Paeonia lactif lora, P. obovata and P. mairei, P. veitchii and P. anomala. These results suggested that P. lactiflora had the closest genetic relationship with cultivars, then P. obovata and P. mairei, while P. veitchii and P. anomala had the farthest relationship with cultivars. The conclusion was identical with that of the comparative morphology.
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  • The Comparison of Frozen Resistance of Several Tree Species of Ilex L.
  • Zhang Jilin;Xie Xiaojin;Jiao Zhongyi;Zhang Lu;Hao Riming
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 477-481.
  • Abstract ( 2613 ) HTML ( 1517 ) PDF (242KB) ( 1517 ) 　　　
  • Electric conductivities in detached-leaf of eleven cultigens of Ilex from domestic and abroad were under simulated frozen treatment. Lethal temperature 50 (LT50 ) was calculated with logistic formula and the results revealed that the frozen resistance from strong to weak were Ilex crenata var. convexa, I. viridis, I. ×altaclerensis ‘Lawsoniana’, I. cornuta, I. chinensis, I. cornuta var. fortunei, I. ×altaclerensis ‘Golden Van Tol’, I. pubescens, I. aferox ‘Avgentea’, I. m icrococca, I. crenata ‘Golden Gem’. Nine cultigenswere selected based on the above results and their leaves were detached and treated at different low
    temperature to measure the contents of sucrose and p roline. The results indicated that with temperature decreasing, the contents of soluble sucrose and proline increased, and the contents were positively related to the
    frozen resistance in some cultigens. The research results demonstrated important indexes to predict the frozen resistance of other new introduced plants.
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研究报告

  • Changes in the Contents of Lycopene, Beta-carotene, Sugar and EndogenousGA and ABA in Flesh dur ing the Fruit Development of‘Cara Cara’Orange
  • Wang Guiyuan;Xia Renxue
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 482-485.
  • Abstract ( 1718 ) HTML ( 1207 ) PDF (205KB) ( 1207 ) 　　　
  • The changes in contents of lycopene, beta-carotene, sugar and endogenous GA and ABA during the fruit development of‘Cara Cara’orange were studied. The results showed that contents of lycopene and beta-carotene in the flesh of Cara Cara accumulated rap idly during fruit expanding period and reached
    maximum at fruit coloring period (November, 12) and both falled a little during fruit maturation. The content of sucrose increased rapidly before fruit coloring and accumulated slowly during fruit maturation. The contents of glucose and fructose accumulated slowly before fruit coloring and increased rapidly during fruitmaturation. The content of GA decreased rapidly during fruit expanding period and decreased minimum before fruit coloring (October, 10) , after that maintained a lower level. The content of ABA reached maximum before fruit coloring through two rapidly accumulated courses, and decreased rapidly during fruit coloring and maintained a high level during fruit maturation.
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  • Studies on Fruit Quality and Pollen Morphology of Red Flesh Sport from‘Red Sun’Kiwifruit
  • Ning Yunye;Xiong Qingpe;ZengWeiguang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 486-488.
  • Abstract ( 1619 ) HTML ( 1203 ) PDF (480KB) ( 1203 ) 　　　
  • Fruit quality and pollen morphology from electron microscope scanning of ‘Red Sun’ kiwifruit and its red2fleshed sport (86-3) were studied. The resultswere as follows: The content of anthocyanin in 86-3 increased significantly and stayed stable in the consecutive two years, while other qualitieswere not so
    good as those of‘Red Sun’. The polar views, equatorial views and exine ornaments of pollen grains were similar between 86-3 and ‘Red Sun’, while the length ratios of polar axis and equatorial axis ( P/E) were distinctively different. The study of pollen morphology indicated that there was a little difference in functional genes between 86-3 and its maternal plant.
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  • Primary Studies on the Formation of Stunted Fruit in ‘Yueyin Wuheli’Litchi
  • Ye Yongchang;Zhu Jianyun;Wang Zehuai;Ye Yaoxiong;Zhao Xiaodong;Zhou Biyan;Ji Zuoliang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 489-492.
  • Abstract ( 1473 ) HTML ( 997 ) PDF (252KB) ( 997 ) 　　　
  • Phytohormone levels of peels in normal and stunted fruits of‘Yueyin Wuheli’Litchi were determined. The carbohydrate contents in the two kinds of bearing shoots were also determined in order to investigate the formation of stunted fruit. The results showed that values of IAA /ABA, GA1 + 3 /ABA and iPAs/
    ABA in normal fruits after 56 d and 66 d of anthesiswere higher than those in stunted fruits. Starch content of leaves in bearing shoot of normal fruits after 56 d of anthesis, and sucrose content after 66 d of anthesis were higher than those of stunted fruits. It suggested that low levels of the rations of IAA, GA, cytokinin with ABA, as well as low levels of carbohydrate in stunted fruitsmight be the causes for the formation of stunted fruit.
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  • Preliminary Study on Respiration Quantity of Different Parts of Several Fruits
  • Yan Shijie;;ZhaoMeixia;Chen Jiluan;Liang Liya;Hu Xiaosong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 493-495.
  • Abstract ( 2441 ) HTML ( 1414 ) PDF (211KB) ( 1414 ) 　　　
  • Respiration quantity of different parts of apple, pear, peach, persimmon and grape fruits were studied. The results showed that the proportion of respiration of peel of‘Starking Delicious’apple and‘Yali’pear to total respiration was about 90%, the proportion of stem was as same as that of calyx; the proportion of respiration of peel of‘Beijing 14’peach was about 95% , that of stem was about 5%; the proportion of peel of‘Kyoho’grape was about 70% , that of stem was about 30%; the proportion of peel of ‘Mopan’persimmon was about 30% , that of pedicel was 70%. The above results indicated that the main respiration channel of pomes and stone fruits was the peel, the respiration channel ratio of peel against stem of‘Kyoho’
    grape is 7∶3; however, persimmon's main respiration channel was calyx, whose respiration was up to 70% of total respiration of fruit.
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  • Estabilishnent of Embryo Culture Technical System of Chinese Jujube ( Zizyphus jujuba Mill. )
  • Du Xuemei;Li Dengke;Wang Yongkang;Sui Chuanling;Fan Baoguo
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 496-499.
  • Abstract ( 1342 ) HTML ( 1041 ) PDF (643KB) ( 1041 ) 　　　
  • The factors affecting embryo culture were studied in Zizyphus jujuba ‘Liuyuexian’. The youngest embryo saved successfullywas 50 days old. For the forming embryos, the op timal concentration of sucrose was 7% , for the formed ones was 5%. Dark treatment is beneficial to embryo sprouting, growing and rooting. There are extremely significance effects of plant growth regulators and organic substance on embryo culture. The media of 1 /2MS + IBA 0.4 (mg/L, the same below ) +BA 0.8 +LH 500 + GA3 5 + 5%
    sucrose is suitable for culture of 70 - 72 days old embryo. The rootless seedling should be transferred to 1 /2 MS + IBA 1.0 + IAA 0.06 + 2% sucrose to induce normal root system.
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  • General Application Analysis of SSRs Derived from Apple (Malus pumila) on Other Species in Rosaceae
  • Wang Caihong;Tian Yike;Zhao Jing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 500-502.
  • Abstract ( 1320 ) HTML ( 1192 ) PDF (227KB) ( 1192 ) 　　　
  • In this study, by PCR amp lification with the genomic DNA of nineteen species belonging to six genera in Rosaceae, six Simple Sequence Repeat ( SSR ) markers ( CH02a10, CH02b07, CH02c11,MS01a03, CH01f12 and CH03d11) derived from apple genome were tested for analysis their general application on different species. The results indicated that, almost for all species, these SSR primers could amplify productswith the sizes similar to those of apple respectively. Therefore, these SSR primers developed from cultivar apple would be suitable for more germplasm resources research cross species or genus in Rosaceae. But the polymorphism level of each SSR marker demonstrated much difference too. In this research, it was found that CH01f12 displayed the best polymorphism among these species.
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  • A Preliminary Study on Techniques for Sexual Reproduction of Garlic (Allium sativum L. )
  • Xu Peiwen;Yang Chongliang;Cui Decai;Qu Shisong;Liu Bingjiang;Zhang Junting;Zhang Chuankun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 503-506.
  • Abstract ( 1594 ) HTML ( 1080 ) PDF (417KB) ( 1080 ) 　　　
  • In order to develop techniques for sexual rep roduction of garlic under the controlled conditions, 160 garlic varieties and lines collected from the main production areas of China and abroad were used in the study. 41 garlic lines out of the 160 were selected for their better performance on early bolting, longer and stronger pedicels. The flower stalks with inflorescences of which were cut off at the basal of the plants and dipped the cutting end into the nutritional solution and then cultured under the temperature of (25 ±2) ℃,
    photo period of 13 - 16 h /d and relative humidity of 75% to make the flower bud blooming normally as well as to prolong the blooming period. As the result, most of the lines cultured got blooming and the longest blooming period was 76 d. Later, the ovaries of 319 flowers out of the 426 flowers pollinated artificially by the pollen mixture were well developed and looked enlarged. Cell structure of the fertilized embryos were confirmed by the paraffin section and microscopy. 240 growing ovarieswere selected and cultured in vitro on the medium B5 + Sucrose 4% - 12% continuously under the conditions mentioned above. 53 ovaries amongwhich continued to grow and maintained green after 47 - 56 d culture. Anatomical studies showed that the young embryos grown
    up in some ovules of the expanded and green ovaries and 76 mature embryos developed from 34 ovaries as well. Picked out the embryos developed at the different developmental stages and inoculated on the medium MS +BA 0.01 - 0.05 mg/L +NAA 0.05 - 0.10 mg/L + sucrose 40 - 80 g/L and cultured under the same conditions as before. 42 - 47 d later the young embryos developed into mature ones and the mature embryos grew up and formed the sexually reproduced plantlets.
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  • Studies on Cryopreservation Technology of Shoot-tips of Garlic by Vitrif ication
  • Wang Yanjun;;Li Xixiang;Xiang Changping;Shen Di;Song Jiangping
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 507-509.
  • Abstract ( 1481 ) HTML ( 1139 ) PDF (295KB) ( 1139 ) 　　　
  • Studies on cryopreservation technology of shoot-tip s of garlic by vitrification were conducted with ‘Cangshan Garlic’. The garlic shoot-tip s of 5 - 8 mm in length were pre-cultured on MS medium with 0.7 mol/L sucrose for 7 days. Then the excised shoot-tips of 3.0 - 3.5 mm were pre-treated with 60% PVS2
    at 20℃ for 60 min, and treated with PVS2 at 0℃ for 5 - 60 min before being immersed in liquid nitrogen directly. After rapidly thawing in a water bath at 37℃ for 2 min, the shoot-tip s were washed twice with MS +1.2 mol/L sucrose solution for 10 min each time and then transferred onto MS medium for recovery growth. The highest survival rate of the garlic shoot-tips reached 100%.
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  • Effect of Synchronous Leaf Pruning on Optimal Distribution of Dry Matter in Greenhouse Tomato
  • Xiao Shengen;;Ep Heuvelink
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 510-512.
  • Abstract ( 1490 ) HTML ( 856 ) PDF (110KB) ( 856 ) 　　　
  • Effect of synchronous leaf pruning on optimal distribution of dry matter in greenhouse tomato cultivar‘Capita’was investigated. The results indicated thatwith six fruits per truss, on one hand, the vegetative sink strength was decreased by synchronous leaf pruning, which resulted in a significant reduction in leaf area index (LAI) and total plant dry mass; on the other hand, the distribution of drymatter allocated to the fruitswas favored, which resulted in a significant increment in the cumulative fraction of drymatter allocated to the fruits and compensated for the reduction in fruit drymass resulted from that in total plant dry mass. With reasonably increased plant density, LAI and total plant dry mass per square meter were significantly increased, therefore fruit dry mass per square meterwas significantly imp roved by synchronous leaf pruning.
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  • Study on Heredity of Fruit Colors of Sweet Pepper
  • Xue Linbao;Wu Xuexia;Chen Jianlin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 513-515.
  • Abstract ( 1610 ) HTML ( 1011 ) PDF (106KB) ( 1011 ) 　　　
  • The heredity of fruit color of sweet pepper was studied by making crosses between different colormaterials atmarketable mature stage and physiological mature stage and observing the inherent laws of different generations. The results showed that the traits of fruit color belonged to qualitative characters at marketable mature stage and physiologicalmature stage and were controlled by nuclear genes. Green fruit (GF) vs yellow fruit (YF) was controlled by one complete dominant gene, YF vs white fruit (WF) was controlled by two dup licate dominant genes, GF vsWF had differences in three genes, and the Green gene had epistatic effect, one green gene was enough to restrain the express of YF and WF. Two dup licate dominant genes controlled red fruit vs Yellow-orange fruit at physiological mature stage. Different genes controlled the colors of fruit at marketable mature stage and physiological mature stage.
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  • Studies on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Taro Test-tube Plantlets after Transplantation
  • Bai Xinfu;Jiang Xiaoman;Zhu Jianjun;Liang Jianguang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 518-520.
  • Abstract ( 1692 ) HTML ( 1184 ) PDF (330KB) ( 1184 ) 　　　
  • The photosynthetic characteristics in taro test-tube plantlets during transplantation and acclimation were measured and analyzed with a TPS-1 photosynthetic system. The results showed that the apparentquantum yield, net photosynthetic rate and carboxylation efficiency of the plantlets increased but the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased during the acclimation after transplantation. The chlorophyll content in leaves of the plantlets also increased substantially. These results indicated that acclimation could greatly improve the capabilities of the plantlets to adapt to natural environment, and enhance their autotrophy.
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  • The RAPD Analysis of the Genetic Diversity in Self-inbred Early Generations of Lilium formolongi
  • Xiao Yan;Zhou Hougao;Huang Zifeng;Wang Fenglan
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 524-526.
  • Abstract ( 1438 ) HTML ( 909 ) PDF (258KB) ( 909 ) 　　　
  • In Order to monitor the homozygous progress of inbred breeding in molecular level and to establish homozygousmolecular criteron of inbred lines of Lilium formolongi, the genetic diversity in self-inbred early generations of Lilium form olongiwas studied by RAPD. The results indicated that the percentage of polymorphic bands of F2 , F3 and F4 generations were 59.1%, 56.6%, 48.0% respectively, the Shannon genetic diversity indeces 1.749, 1.530, 1.292 respectively, the mean genetic distances 0.121, 0.207, 0.238 respectively.
    Among total variation, intrapopulation genetic diversity accounted for 76.2%, interpopulation for 23.8%.
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  • Studies on Pollen Submicroscopic Morphology and Cultivars Classification inPingyin Rose
  • Wang Wenli;Zhao Lanyong;Feng Zhen;Zhu Xicun;Zhang Youpeng;Wang Yanling
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 527-530.
  • Abstract ( 1920 ) HTML ( 1178 ) PDF (428KB) ( 1178 ) 　　　
  • The pollen sub-micro-morphology of 24 cultivars in Pingyin rose was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the main component analysis and the cluster analysis were carried out based upon the observation data. The results showed that the pollen micro-morphological characters among cultivars have commonness aswell as distinct differences, especially in the exine ornamentations, which can provide scientific bases for cultivars identification of Pingyin rose. The pollens in Pingyin rose cultivars could be divided into two groups according the Cluster analysis: ‘Meigui’ type and ‘Qiangwei’ type. The classification is consistent with the traditional morphological classification system, except for some minor differences.
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  • Preliminary Study on the Florescence of Cymbidium Golden Elf‘Sundust’
  • Yi Qifei;Xing Fuwu;Ye Xiulin
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 531-533.
  • Abstract ( 2324 ) HTML ( 1409 ) PDF (166KB) ( 1409 ) 　　　
  • A detailed observation on the florescence of Cymbidium Golden Elf‘Sundust’was done during 2000 - 2003 in order to find the rules of florescence and leaf buds growth in different time. The preliminary results showed: (1) The buds of leaf and flower appeared throughout the year, it took 6 - 10 months for leaf buds to develop into mature individual with 6 - 8 leaves. And flower buds developed into scape with 6 - 9 flowers one month later. (2) Florescence rate relates with plant mature degree, and it took 5 - 11 months for leaf buds to develop into floral buds. The burgeoning rate was the highest when the plant grew about 7 - 9 months. (3) Growth time of leaf buds relates with the burgeoning floral bud rate, and the burgeoning rate was the highest after the leaf buds developing into mature plant during 8 - 9 months (almost half of a year). (4) Florescence rate was different every month. The fastigium was from April to July (72.83% and 78.56% in 2001 and 2002) , and the least time was from December to January of the next year (4.11% and 5.03% ). It was suggested that we would leave the leaf buds in anticipative time to control the growth of other leaf buds to modulate the florescence of the plants.
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  • Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of Rosa hybrida ‘Samantha’
  • Gao Liping;Bao Manzhu
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 534-536.
  • Abstract ( 1836 ) HTML ( 1261 ) PDF (452KB) ( 1261 ) 　　　
  • White pseudobulbils were initiated from in vitro grown leaf explants of Rosa hybrida ‘Samantha’following an induction period of 15 d on MS basal medium supp lemented with 2,4-D 7.0 - 10.0 mg/L and a subculture of 20 d on MS medium with TDZ 1.5 mg/L under light. The pseudobulbils were subcultured
    on medium with NAA, ZT and GA3 , and during the process, new pseudobulbils and new calluswere formed. After a year of continuous selection for fresh and nodular callus, callus that could be continuously subcultured was obtained, and has been maintained for 16 months till now. Adventitious buds could be induced from the callus onMS medium with TDZ 1.0 mg/L, NAA 0.01 mg/L and GA3 0.1 mg/L and elongated into shoots on MS medium with BA 2.0 mg/L and NAA 0.01 mg/L.
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  • In Vitro Culture and Plant Regeneration of Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu
  • Jiang Zeping;Liang Zhenhai;Liu Genlin;Wu Gang
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 537-540.
  • Abstract ( 1418 ) HTML ( 943 ) PDF (360KB) ( 943 ) 　　　
  • In order to protect and utilize effectively the endangered species Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu, orthogonal testswere designed to get the effects of plant hormones on the multip lication, growth and rooting of the species tube-shoots. A study was conducted on in vitro culture and plant regeneration of Sinojackia xylocarpa Hu with the nodal segments or apical buds excised from the newly-grown shoots of the five-year-old elite maternal plant. Results showed that the modified MS supplemented with BA 1.0 mg/L + TDZ 0.05 mg/L +
    IBA 0.05 mg/L +Vitamin C 50 mg/L + 3% Sucrose was optimal for the tube-shoot multiplication while the modifiedMS with BA 0.5 mg/L + TDZ 0.05 mg/L + IBA 0.1 mg/L +Vitamin C 50 mg/L + 3% Sucrose was suitable for the vigorous growth. 1 /2MS with IBA 0.5 mg/L +NAA 0.3 mg/L +Vitamin C 100 mg/L + 2%
    Sucrose op timized the tube-shoot rooting induction. The plantlets with root were transplanted into the substrate containing vermiculate, pearlite and peat, 6∶3∶1 ( v/v). At 20 - 30℃, relative humidity of 85% - 90% for 15 - 20 days, the plantlets could grow well, with the survival up to 92% after 35 days’ transplanting.
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研究简讯

研究报告

  • Tissue Culture and High Frequency Propagation of Callistemon rigidus R. Br
  • Jiang Hongru;Yu Faxin;Liu Tengyun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 541-543.
  • Abstract ( 1370 ) HTML ( 977 ) PDF (235KB) ( 977 ) 　　　
  • Effects of several factors such as medium, cutting materials and plant growth regulators on invitro culture and rapid propagation of Callistem onrigidus R. Br were investigated. Using the leaf and axillary bud as explant, a method for high frequency propagation of callistem onrigidus R. Br was established. Results showed: ( 1) MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 1.5 mg·L -1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L -1 was aptimized for callus induction of leaf. The crowd of bud on callus was differented with the ratio of 69.2%. On MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 1 - 1.5 mg·L - 1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L - 1 , the crowd of bud was started with the ratio of 77%. ( 2) The explants diffedrentiated a large number of young buds on MS medium containing 6-BA 1 mg·L - 1 and NAA 0.25 mg·L - 1. On this medium shoot multiplication occurred at a 16.7 - fold rate. (3) The shoots were rooted on the 1/2 strength MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.25 mg·L - 1 and the rate of rooting was 96.1%. The shoots could be directly rooted in transplantation medium with up to 90% survival.
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  • Microorganism in Soilless Substrates and Its Effects on Crop Growth
  • Tong Xiaogang;;Jiang Weijie;Yin Ming'an;Yu Hongjun
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 544-550.
  • Abstract ( 1625 ) HTML ( 1816 ) PDF (236KB) ( 1816 ) 　　　
  • The report introduced species, quantity of microorganism in soilless substrates, effects of microenvironment of soilless substrates on the existence of microorganism and effects of microorganism on crop growth. There were significant differences on species and quantity of microorganism amongst substrates. Species and their activitieswere influenced by environmental factors of in substrates and the main specieswas bacteria and followed by fungi, actinomyces, mildew and so on in the substrates. The microorganisms can help transformation of nutrition in the substrates and enhance stress resistance of p lants, but some fungi and bacterial diseases also occurred in the substrates. The p rospect, direction and p roblem of researches on utilizing microorganism in soilless culture were discussed as well.
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综述

研究简讯

新品种

  • A New Largest-type Variety of Asian Pear ‘Qingxiang’
  • Shi Zebin;Hu Zhengling;Sun Tianlin;Dai Meisong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 557-557.
  • Abstract ( 1299 ) HTML ( 880 ) PDF (73KB) ( 880 ) 　　　
  • ‘Qingxiang’, a new early-middle maturing variety of Asian pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) , originated from a cross2combination of‘Xinshiji’ בSanhua’. ‘Qingxiang’matures from early to middle August in Hangzhou, and have about 135 d of fruit growth period. The fruit is oblate and yellowish-brown in skin colour. The average fruit mass is 280 g, with the larger fruit mass ismore than 580 g. The flesh is white, soft, sweet, non2residue and juicy. The average Brix percentage is 11% - 12%.
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  • A New Seedless Grape ‘Ruifeng Seedless’
  • Xu Haiying;Zhang Guojun;Yan Ailing
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 559-559.
  • Abstract ( 1780 ) HTML ( 908 ) PDF (74KB) ( 908 ) 　　　
  • ‘Ruifeng Seedless’derived by clonic selection in the offsp ring of‘Pioneer’. It is a late-season purple-red seedless grape which ripens about the third to fourth week of September in Beijing. The clusters are medium in size, and are generally slightly loose. The berries are medium size, averaging 4.93 g, and
    round. Application of gibberellic acid after berry set has increased the berry size to an average 11.19 g. ‘Ruifeng Seedless’berries are bright, purple-red in color. The flesh is firm. The flavor is sweet, neutral, and good. The quality is best when harvested at 16% soluble solids or higher. ‘Ruifeng Seedless’ is vigorous in growth, high and constant production. Good resistance against some fungal diseases.
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  • Yellow-flesh Kiwifruit Cultivar‘Jintao’
  • Huang Hongwen;Wang Shengmei;Jiang Zhengwang;Zhang Zhonghui;Huang Renhuang;Cheng Zhongping;Gong Junjie;Chen Xuzhong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 561-561.
  • Abstract ( 3143 ) HTML ( 1210 ) PDF (73KB) ( 1210 ) 　　　
  • ‘Jintao’was selected from the clone strains of Actinidia chinensis, and with fruit shape of long cylindrical, and smooth fruit skin, almost hairless. Fruit appearance is of quiet accep table, and flesh is golden-yellow. The fruit taste is favorite with smell of fragrance, and the quality is good. The mature vines are
    productive and with stable yielding. The fruit could be stored under ambient temperature for about 40 days, which ismuch longer than that of other kiwifruit cultivars from A. chinensis.
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  • A New Truss Tomato Hybrid ‘ST04’
  • Xu Na;Feng Hui;Wu Zhigang;WangWuhong
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 565-565.
  • Abstract ( 1424 ) HTML ( 945 ) PDF (804KB) ( 945 ) 　　　
  • A new truss tomato hybrid ‘ST04’has been released. The truss shape looks like fish bone, which clearly shows all fruits and their attachment to the truss stem. The fruit size, shape, color give regular presentation. It has good resistant to diseases, low-temperature and poor light. The variety is suitable for protect production and shelf-life production.
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  • Two New Hami-melon Varieties‘Dongfangmi 1’and‘Dongfangmi 2’
  • Ma Guobin;Yan Xiuqin;Ni Xiuhong;Zhang Hui
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 566-566.
  • Abstract ( 1546 ) HTML ( 1019 ) PDF (844KB) ( 1019 ) 　　　
  • ‘Dongfangmi 1’and ‘Dongfangmi 2’are two new Hami2melon varieties for protected cultivation. Both are in high level resistant to diseases in the mass, and have good tolerance to damp, light-short- age and heat. ‘Dongfangmi 1’: The fruit shape is elliptic, the peel color is white with netting, the fruit developing period is 40 - 45 d. ‘Dongfangmi 2’: The fruit shape is elliptic, yellow peelwith fine netting, the fruit develop ing period is 45 d or so. Both average fruitmass of the two varieties are 1.5 kg. Their fruit have good storage and shipp ing quality, orange flesh of 3.5 - 4.0 cm in thickness, over 16% soluble solids content, fine and crisp texture in flesh, and the best flavor of Hami-melon.
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  • New Varieties of Chrysanthemum — Potted Varieties with Small Inflorescences Blooming in Summer
  • Chen Fadi;Fang Weimin;Zhao Hongbo;Guan Zhiyong;Xie Wei
  • Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32(3): 567-567.
  • Abstract ( 1603 ) HTML ( 816 ) PDF (1043KB) ( 816 ) 　　　
  • Six varieties of potted chrysanthemum with small inflorescences blooming in summer‘Aoyun Huoju’, ‘Aoyun Nüshen’, ‘Aoyun Xiangyun’, ‘Aoyun Zixia’, ‘Aoyun Fenzhuang’, ‘Aoyun Xiahui’were bred by methods of radiation on self-pollinated seeds or crossing. The height of new varieties varies from 20 cm to 45 cm respectively, and the crown is large and symmetrical. These varieties are also characterized by strong ramification, flamboyant flower color and strong growth potential. The blooming date of new varieties is on July or August. They are suitable for pot culture and meet the need of potted flowers in summer.
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