Abstract: microRNAs（miRNAs）are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs，which regulate complementary mRNAs by mediating mRNA degradation and translational repression. The research on citrus miRNAs has been conducted from 2005，three years after the first plant miRNA was identified in Arabidopsis. Many plant-conserved miRNAs and novel miRNAs have been identified in citrus，with the advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology and the improvement of bioinformatics analysis methods. These miRNAs were not only involved in the biological processes，such as citrus reproduction，flower and fruit development，but also in the resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses，through regulation of their target genes. Meanwhile，the functions of cis-miR156，cis-miR396，and cis-miR3954were summarized herein. In the present manuscript，we also prospected the usage of citrus-specific viral vectors and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to accelerate the study on function of citrus miRNAs，especially the novel miRNAs.

Key words: citrus, miRNA, growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress, citrus virus vector； CRISPR/Cas9