Population Structure and Breeding Systems of Rare and Endangered Gymnospermium kiangnanense（Berberidaceae）

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0474

Acta Horticulturae Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 539-552.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0474

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Population Structure and Breeding Systems of Rare and Endangered Gymnospermium kiangnanense（Berberidaceae）

YU Qinlan¹, LIU Shouzan²^,^*(), XU Renximou¹, PAN Chenhang¹, YAN Yiming¹, WANG Yiying¹, XIA Guohua¹^,^**()

¹School of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Lin'an,Zhejiang 311300,China
²Botanical Garden,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Lin'an,Zhejiang 311300,China

Received:2020-08-12 Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-04-02
Contact: LIU Shouzan,XIA Guohua E-mail:szliu@zafu.edu.cn;zjfc_ghxia@126.com

Abstract

Abstract:

Gymnospermium kiangnanense（P. L. Chiu）,a rare and endangered plant in China,is a kind of early spring flowering plant of Berberidaceae. Field investigation shows that resources of G. kiangnanense is decreasing day by day,which limits its medicinal and horticultural development. In order to reveal the population structure and breeding system characteristics of G. kiangnanense,two natural populations distributed in Chun'an County and Zhuji City,Zhejiang Province were investigated. In this paper,the specific time life table of the population was compiled,the survival curve and survival function were analyzed,and the population dynamics was predicted by using the time series model,and the breeding system characteristics（hybridization index,pollen/ovule ratio,pollen vitality,stigma receptivity and pollinator insects）were used for determination. Our results showed that:(1) Chun'an population was spindle structure with a large proportion of middle age class,while that of Zhuji population was seriously deficient in middle age class;both populations were in decline type,and their survival curves tended to Deevey-Ⅱtype;(2) Flower characteristics ofG. kiangnanense showed generalized pollination type with P/O value of 7 920;main pollinators of G. kiangnanense were Apis cerana and Episyrphus balteatus,etc.;many ways to ensure success of pollination were involved,for example,the pollination efficiency of G. kiangnanense was improved through the short-term high-density concentrated flowering pattern,extensive pollination system and blank niche in early spring. This paper reveals the causes of G. kiangnanensepopulation formation and predicts the future development trend of the population,so as to provide decision-making basis for the protection and restoration of natural population.

Key words: Gymnospermium kiangnanense, rare and endangered plant, population structure, breeding system

CLC Number:

S682

YU Qinlan, LIU Shouzan, XU Renximou, PAN Chenhang, YAN Yiming, WANG Yiying, XIA Guohua. Population Structure and Breeding Systems of Rare and Endangered Gymnospermium kiangnanense（Berberidaceae）[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(3): 539-552.

Figures/Tables 15

References 33

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种群 Population	龄级 Age class	径级/mm（TD） Tuber diameter	A_x	a_x	l_x	ln（l_x）	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	K_x
淳安 Chun'an	Ⅰ	TD < 10	29	33	1 000	6.908	30	0.030	985	8 270	8.270	0.030
	Ⅱ	10 ≤ TD < 15	24	32	970	6.878	29	0.030	956	7 285	7.506	0.030
	Ⅲ	15 ≤ TD < 20	39	32	942	6.848	28	0.030	928	6 328	6.720	0.030
	Ⅳ	20 ≤ TD < 25	33	31	914	6.818	27	0.030	900	5 401	5.909	0.030
	Ⅴ	25 ≤ TD < 30	30	30	887	6.788	26	0.030	874	4 500	5.074	0.030
	Ⅵ	30 ≤ TD < 35	30	29	861	6.758	25	0.030	848	3 626	4.213	0.030
	Ⅶ	35 ≤ TD < 40	40	28	835	6.728	25	0.030	823	2 778	3.326	0.030
	Ⅷ	40 ≤ TD < 45	39	27	811	6.698	24	0.030	799	1 955	2.412	0.030
	Ⅸ	45 ≤ TD < 50	20	26	787	6.668	23	0.030	775	1 157	1.470	0.030
	Ⅹ	TD ≥ 50	18	26	763	6.638	763	—	382	382	0.500	—
诸暨 Zhuji	Ⅰ	TD < 10	45	25	1 000	6.908	227	0.227	886	4 543	4.543	0.258
	Ⅱ	10 ≤ TD < 15	17	19	773	6.650	133	0.172	706	3 657	4.734	0.189
	Ⅲ	15 ≤ TD < 20	2	16	639	6.461	94	0.148	592	2 951	4.615	0.160
	Ⅳ	20 ≤ TD < 25	3	14	545	6.301	73	0.134	508	2 359	4.327	0.144
	Ⅴ	25 ≤ TD < 30	2	12	472	6.157	60	0.127	442	1 850	3.921	0.136
	Ⅵ	30 ≤ TD < 35	4	10	412	6.021	51	0.123	387	1 408	3.418	0.131
	Ⅶ	35 ≤ TD < 40	1	9	361	5.890	44	0.121	339	1 022	2.827	0.129
	Ⅷ	40 ≤ TD < 45	1	8	318	5.761	39	0.122	298	682	2.148	0.130
	Ⅸ	45 ≤ TD < 50	4	7	279	5.631	35	0.124	262	384	1.376	0.132
	Ⅹ	TD ≥ 50	48	6	244	5.499	244	—	122	122	0.500	—

种群 Population	龄级 Age class	径级/mm（TD） Tuber diameter	A_x	a_x	l_x	ln（l_x）	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	K_x
淳安 Chun'an	Ⅰ	TD < 10	29	33	1 000	6.908	30	0.030	985	8 270	8.270	0.030
	Ⅱ	10 ≤ TD < 15	24	32	970	6.878	29	0.030	956	7 285	7.506	0.030
	Ⅲ	15 ≤ TD < 20	39	32	942	6.848	28	0.030	928	6 328	6.720	0.030
	Ⅳ	20 ≤ TD < 25	33	31	914	6.818	27	0.030	900	5 401	5.909	0.030
	Ⅴ	25 ≤ TD < 30	30	30	887	6.788	26	0.030	874	4 500	5.074	0.030
	Ⅵ	30 ≤ TD < 35	30	29	861	6.758	25	0.030	848	3 626	4.213	0.030
	Ⅶ	35 ≤ TD < 40	40	28	835	6.728	25	0.030	823	2 778	3.326	0.030
	Ⅷ	40 ≤ TD < 45	39	27	811	6.698	24	0.030	799	1 955	2.412	0.030
	Ⅸ	45 ≤ TD < 50	20	26	787	6.668	23	0.030	775	1 157	1.470	0.030
	Ⅹ	TD ≥ 50	18	26	763	6.638	763	—	382	382	0.500	—
诸暨 Zhuji	Ⅰ	TD < 10	45	25	1 000	6.908	227	0.227	886	4 543	4.543	0.258
	Ⅱ	10 ≤ TD < 15	17	19	773	6.650	133	0.172	706	3 657	4.734	0.189
	Ⅲ	15 ≤ TD < 20	2	16	639	6.461	94	0.148	592	2 951	4.615	0.160
	Ⅳ	20 ≤ TD < 25	3	14	545	6.301	73	0.134	508	2 359	4.327	0.144
	Ⅴ	25 ≤ TD < 30	2	12	472	6.157	60	0.127	442	1 850	3.921	0.136
	Ⅵ	30 ≤ TD < 35	4	10	412	6.021	51	0.123	387	1 408	3.418	0.131
	Ⅶ	35 ≤ TD < 40	1	9	361	5.890	44	0.121	339	1 022	2.827	0.129
	Ⅷ	40 ≤ TD < 45	1	8	318	5.761	39	0.122	298	682	2.148	0.130
	Ⅸ	45 ≤ TD < 50	4	7	279	5.631	35	0.124	262	384	1.376	0.132
	Ⅹ	TD ≥ 50	48	6	244	5.499	244	—	122	122	0.500	—

花器官 Flower characteristics	淳安种群 Chun'an population	诸暨种群 Zhuji population	花器官 Flower characteristics	淳安种群 Chun'an population	诸暨种群 Zhuji population
花序长度/mm Length of inflorescence	91.50 ± 17.37	140.60 ± 26.12 ^**	花瓣数 Number of petal	5.96 ± 0.19	5.93 ± 0.25
小花数 Number of flower	15.07 ± 1.98	15.77 ± 3.13	花瓣长/cm Length of petal	2.34 ± 0.46	2.03 ± 0.56 ^*
花梗长/cm Length of pedicel	33.34 ± 4.79	12.90 ± 4.87 ^**	花瓣宽/cm Width of petal	1.66 ± 0.34	1.64 ± 0.25
小苞片长/cm Length of bractlet	6.65 ± 0.90	5.15 ± 1.04 ^**	雄蕊数 Number of stamen	5.93 ± 0.27	6.00 ± 0.00
小苞片宽/cm Width of bractlet	5.29 ± 1.37	4.39 ± 1.26 ^*	花丝长/cm Length of filament	2.86 ± 0.37	2.83 ± 0.54
花冠口直径/cm Diameter of corolla	17.30 ± 1.68	16.36 ± 2.18	花药长/cm Length of anther	2.43 ± 0.42	2.18 ± 0.35 ^*
花萼数 Number of calyx	6.56 ± 0.58	6.90 ± 0.31 ^**	子房长/cm Length of ovary	2.86 ± 0.45	3.71 ± 1.00 ^**
花萼长/cm Length of calyx	9.23 ± 0.98	8.30 ± 1.02 ^**	子房直径/cm Diameter of ovary	1.71 ± 0.36	1.98 ± 0.37 ^**
花萼宽/cm Width of calyx	5.29 ± 0.90	4.57 ± 0.71 ^**	子房托长度/cm Length of ovary base	1.45 ± 0.28	0.71 ± 0.26 ^**

花器官 Flower characteristics	淳安种群 Chun'an population	诸暨种群 Zhuji population	花器官 Flower characteristics	淳安种群 Chun'an population	诸暨种群 Zhuji population
花序长度/mm Length of inflorescence	91.50 ± 17.37	140.60 ± 26.12 ^**	花瓣数 Number of petal	5.96 ± 0.19	5.93 ± 0.25
小花数 Number of flower	15.07 ± 1.98	15.77 ± 3.13	花瓣长/cm Length of petal	2.34 ± 0.46	2.03 ± 0.56 ^*
花梗长/cm Length of pedicel	33.34 ± 4.79	12.90 ± 4.87 ^**	花瓣宽/cm Width of petal	1.66 ± 0.34	1.64 ± 0.25
小苞片长/cm Length of bractlet	6.65 ± 0.90	5.15 ± 1.04 ^**	雄蕊数 Number of stamen	5.93 ± 0.27	6.00 ± 0.00
小苞片宽/cm Width of bractlet	5.29 ± 1.37	4.39 ± 1.26 ^*	花丝长/cm Length of filament	2.86 ± 0.37	2.83 ± 0.54
花冠口直径/cm Diameter of corolla	17.30 ± 1.68	16.36 ± 2.18	花药长/cm Length of anther	2.43 ± 0.42	2.18 ± 0.35 ^*
花萼数 Number of calyx	6.56 ± 0.58	6.90 ± 0.31 ^**	子房长/cm Length of ovary	2.86 ± 0.45	3.71 ± 1.00 ^**
花萼长/cm Length of calyx	9.23 ± 0.98	8.30 ± 1.02 ^**	子房直径/cm Diameter of ovary	1.71 ± 0.36	1.98 ± 0.37 ^**
花萼宽/cm Width of calyx	5.29 ± 0.90	4.57 ± 0.71 ^**	子房托长度/cm Length of ovary base	1.45 ± 0.28	0.71 ± 0.26 ^**

Population Structure and Breeding Systems of Rare and Endangered Gymnospermium kiangnanense（Berberidaceae）

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龄级 Age class	淳安种群Chun'an population				诸暨种群Zhuji population
龄级 Age class	原始数据 Primary data	M₂^[1]	M₅^[1]	M₈^[1]	原始数据 Primary data	M₂^[1]	M₅^[1]	M₈^[1]
Ⅰ	29				45
Ⅱ	24	27			17	31
Ⅲ	39	32			2	10
Ⅳ	33	36			3	3
Ⅴ	30	32	31		2	3	14
Ⅵ	30	30	31		4	3	6
Ⅶ	40	35	34		1	3	2
Ⅷ	39	40	34	33	1	1	2	9
Ⅸ	20	30	32	32	4	3	2	4
Ⅹ	18	19	29	31	48	26	12	8
总计Total	302	279	192	96	127	81	38	22

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