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园艺学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 1772-1786.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0453

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

基因编辑技术及其在园艺作物中的应用和展望

崔 霞*,张率斌   

  1. (中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,农业部园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2017-09-25 发布日期:2017-09-25

The Utilization and Prospect of Genome Editing in Horticultural Crops

CUI Xia* and ZHANG Shuaibin   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
  • Online:2017-09-25 Published:2017-09-25

摘要:

基因编辑(genome editing)是对生物体基因组进行靶向修饰的一项新技术。该技术利用核酸酶在特定位置产生的双链DNA损伤,通过非同源末端连接和同源重组修复机制,实现在特异的目标位置DNA的插入、删除或特定DNA片段的替换。本文介绍了不同基因编辑体系的工作原理,并对基因编辑技术在不同植物,包括多种园艺作物中的应用进行了综述。作为精准和高效的基因工程方法,基因编辑技术在作物性状改良方面具有巨大的应用潜力。

关键词: 基因编辑, 园艺作物, 应用, 展望

Abstract:

Genome editing is a new technology based on programmable nucleases to make precise changes in the genomes of cells. These nucleases create site-specific double-strand breaks(DSBs)at desired locations in the genome. The induced double-strand breaks are repaired through nonhomologous end-joining(NHEJ)or homologous recombination(HR),resulting in targeted mutations including deletion,insertion and exchange of specific DNA fragment. Here,we explained the principle of ZNF,TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 and mainly summarized their usage in plants,especially in horticultural plants. As a precise and efficient method of genetic engineering,genome editing was developed rapidly in recent years,which will be utilized widely to improve agronomic traits of plant in the future.

Key words: genome editing, horticultural crops, utilization, prospect

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