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园艺学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 1225-1236.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2019-0686

• 研究论文 •    下一篇

硫磺对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响

姜伟涛1,李前进2,王海燕1,陈 冉1,相 立1,刘恩太3,陈学森1,沈 向1,尹承苗1,*,毛志泉1,*   

  1. 1作物生物学国家重点试验室,山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安 271018;2洛川县苹果生产技术开发办公室,陕西洛川 727400;3蓬莱市果树工作总站,山东蓬莱 265600
  • 出版日期:2020-07-25 发布日期:2020-07-25
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-27);国家自然科学基金项目(31672104);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201114);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ008);泰山学者项目(ts20190923);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJF020);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)

Effect of Sulfur on Apple Replanted Soil Environment and Growth of Malus hupehensis Seedlings

JIANG Weitao1,LI Qianjin2,WANG Haiyan1,CHEN Ran1,XIANG Li1,LIU Entai3,CHEN Xuesen1,SHEN Xiang1,YIN Chengmiao1,*,and MAO Zhiquan1,*   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China;2Luochuan County Apple Production Technology Development Office,Luochuan,Shaanxi 727400,China;3Penglai Fruit Work Station,Penglai,Shandong 265600,China
  • Online:2020-07-25 Published:2020-07-25

摘要: 以盆栽的试验方式,研究了在老龄苹果园土壤中添加不同量(0、0.1、0.3、0.5 g ? kg-1)的硫磺对土壤微生物环境及再植平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)幼苗的影响,为减轻苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。温室和露地盆栽结果显示:硫磺对改善连作土壤环境及促进平邑甜茶幼苗的生长具有良好的效果,但不同添加量促进效果不尽相同,其中以0.3 g ? kg-1的促进效果最为显著。与对照相比,0.3 g ? kg-1的硫磺处理浓度下平邑甜茶幼苗株高、地径、鲜质量、干质量分别增加了60.83%(26.03%,露地数据,下同)、26.78%(19.66%)、73.44%(62.15%)和93.32%(72.93%);根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根系呼吸速率提高了1.47倍(1.82倍)、2.28倍(2.05倍)、2.05倍(2.74倍)、1.73倍(1.67倍)、2.12倍(1.98倍)。硫磺处理后叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数、土壤酶的活性均有不同程度提高。0.3 g ? kg-1硫磺处理具有最高的细菌与真菌比值、真菌的丰富度和多样性指数及最低的优势度指数。主成分分析发现,随硫磺添加量增加,土壤真菌群落与对照距离越来越远,但当添加量由0.3 g ? kg-1增加至0.5 g ? kg-1对改善连作土壤环境的效果不是特别明显。实时荧光定量结果表明,硫磺的添加可以显著降低串珠镰孢菌基因拷贝数。综上,0.3 g ? kg-1硫磺处理可较好地优化土壤环境,促进平邑甜茶幼苗的生长,可作为一种减轻苹果连作障碍的有效方法。

关键词: 平邑甜茶, 苹果, 连作障碍, 硫磺

Abstract: In order to provide basis for preventing and controlling apple replant disease,the effects of different concentrations of sulfur(0,0.1,0.3,0.5 g ? kg-1)on soil microbial environment and replanting of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings in aged apple orchard soil were studied by using pot test. The results of greenhouse and open-field pot showed that sulfur had a good effect on improving the replanted soil environment and promoting the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings,but the effect of different concentrations was varied,among which the effect of 0.3 g ? kg-1 was the most significant. Compared with the control,plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of M. hupehensis Rehd. that was treated by 0.3 g ? kg-1 of sulfur increased by 60.83%(26.03%,the data from open-field pot,the same below),26.78%(19.66%),73.44%(62.15%)and 93.32%(72.93%),respectively;root length,root surface area,root volume,number of root tips,and root respiration rate of M. hupehensis Rehd. increased by1.47(1.82),2.28(2.05),2.05(2.74),1.73(1.67)and 2.12(1.98)times. The chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters of the leaves and soil enzyme activities were increased in different degrees after sulfur treatment. 0.3 g ? kg-1 sulphur treatment had the highest bacterial to fungal ratio,the fungal margalef and shannon index,and the lowest fungal simpson index. Principal component analysis found that with the increase of sulfur addition,the distance of soil fungal community was farther and farther away from the control,but the continuous increase of sulfur content from 0.3 to 0.5 g ? kg-1 did not have a significant effect on the improvement of continuous cropping soil environment. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that the addition of sulfur significantly reduced the copy number of Fusarium oxysporum gene. In conclusion,0.3 g ? kg-1 sulfur treatment can better optimize apple replanted the soil environment and promote the growth of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings,which can be used as an effective method to alleviate the apple replant disease.

Key words: Malus hupehensis, apple, replant disease, sulfur

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