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园艺学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 205-212.

• 果树 •    下一篇

叶籽银杏授粉期胚珠的形态结构变化

黄 岩,邢世岩*,付兆军,李 真   

  1. 山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安 271018
  • 出版日期:2013-02-25 发布日期:2013-02-25

Observation on Changes of Morphological Structure of the Ovules During
Pollination Period in Ginkgo biloba L. var. epiphylla

 HUANG   Yan, XING  Shi-Yan-*, FU  Zhao-Jun, LI   Zhen   

  1. College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018,China
  • Online:2013-02-25 Published:2013-02-25

摘要: 通过树脂半薄切片和扫描电镜技术对叶籽银杏(Ginkgo biloba L. var. epiphylla)叶生胚珠和
正常胚珠授粉期的发育过程进行了观察比较。结果发现:授粉前,正常胚珠各组织已分化完全,珠被迅
速生长,在珠心顶端逐渐靠拢;而叶生胚珠此时没有珠托和珠心分化,仅有脊状的突起,主要靠突起内
的维管束供给营养,随着突起不断发育,有栅栏组织和海绵组织的分化。授粉期,正常胚珠有珠心组织
分泌的授粉滴和珠心发生程序性死亡形成的贮粉室;而叶生胚珠未发现授粉滴的存在,已有珠心和珠被
的分化,珠孔呈喙状,珠孔道伸长,但在珠孔道的下方没有发生细胞的退化,因此不能形成贮粉室。授
粉后,叶生胚珠和正常胚珠进入雌配子体游离核阶段。与正常胚珠相比,叶生胚珠外观形态体积明显偏
小,呈不对称发育。对叶籽银杏败育的机理进行了讨论

关键词: 叶籽银杏, 叶生胚珠, 正常胚珠, 授粉期, 形态结构

Abstract: Comparative analysis and observation on morphological structure of the epiphyllous ovule
and normal ovule during pollination period in Ginkgo biloba L. var. epiphylla using the resin semi-thin
section and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was taken in order to reveal the mechanism of
morphogenesis of the former. The results showed that:Normal ovule organizations had already
differentiated completely before pollination,and the integument grew rapidly,then drew together in apex
of the nucellus gradually in normal ovule. Meanwhile,there were no differentiation in collar and nucellus,
but with some ridge gibbosities in epiphyllous ovule which obtained the nutrition from the vascular bundle
in gibbosities. Then the palisade tissue and spongy tissue differentiated along with the development of
gibbosities. In pollination period,there was pollination drop secreted by the nucellus and then the pollen
chamber formed by the programmed cell death of the nucellus in normal ovule. While there was no
pollination drop in epiphyllous ovule,besides the collar and nucellus had already differentiated with the
rostrate micropyle,the extended micropylar canal. But no pollen chamber was formed because there was
no cell degradation in the bottom of micropylar canal in epiphyllous ovule. Then epiphyllous ovuleand ovulewere into free nuclei stage of female gametophyte after pollination period. In addition,
epiphyllous ovule developed asymmetrically and was obviously smaller from appearance than the normal
ovule.

Key words: Ginkgo biloba L. var. epiphylla, epiphyllous ovule, normal ovule, pollination period, morphological structure

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