延迟和缩短苹果气调处理时间对贮藏效果的影响

园艺学报 ›› 2002, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 524-528.

延迟和缩短苹果气调处理时间对贮藏效果的影响

苑克俊¹;李震三¹;张道辉¹;孙玉刚¹;张大鹏²;胡小松²

(¹ 山东省果树研究所, 泰安271000 ;　² 中国农业大学, 北京100094)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2002-12-25 发布日期:2002-12-25

Effects of Delaying and Shortening the New Low Oxygen CA CombinationTreatment Time on the Storage of Apples

Yuan Kejun¹, Li Zhensan¹, Zhang Daohui¹, Sun Yugang¹, Zhang Dapeng², and Hu Xiaosong²

(¹ Shandong Institute of Pomology , Tai’an 271000 , China ; ²China Agricultural University , Beijing 100094 , China)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2002-12-25 Published:2002-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以新红星苹果为试材探讨延迟和缩短低氧气调新组合(10 ℃, 2 %O₂ + 7. 5 %CO₂) 处理时间对其贮藏效果的影响。结果表明, 贮藏123 d 时, 冷藏对照(0 ℃, 空气) 和常规气调处理(0 ℃, 3 %O₂ + 3 %CO₂) 果实的虎皮病果率分别为25. 6 %和1. 02 % , 果肉硬度分别为5. 79 和6. 52 kg/ cm², 而低氧新组合处理无虎皮病, 果肉硬度(6. 63 kg/ cm²) 显著高于冷藏对照, 而与常规气调处理无显著差异。10 ℃空气中放15 d 后再用低氧新组合处理108 d 的果实虎皮病果率6. 67 % , 果肉硬度(4. 8 kg/ cm²) 显著低于冷藏对照和常规气调处理。这些结果说明果实采后及时进行低氧气调处理是必要的。冷藏对照、常规气调处理和在10 ℃下低氧新组合处理123 d 的果实再于0 ℃空气中放58 d , 其虎皮病果率分别为46. 9 %、36. 4 %和0 , 果肉硬度分别为5. 28 、5. 21 和4. 5 kg/ cm²。在10 ℃下低氧新组合处理96 d 再冷藏的苹果, 在贮后50 d 时无虎皮病果, 果肉硬度为4. 67 kg/ cm² 。综合来看, 计划贮期约5 个月时, 10 ℃下低氧新组合处理的时间可由4 个月缩短为3. 3 个月。低氧气调新组合处理的苹果在气调期间α2法尼烯和共轭三烯的形成受到显著抑制。

关键词: 苹果, 贮藏, 低氧气调, 硬度, 虎皮病

Abstract: We formerly reported a special lowoxygen CA combination (2 %O₂ + 7. 5 %CO₂) , which can control superficial scald of apples for a longer period after 4 months of treatment . Now , a further experiment of Starkrimson apples was conducted to study the effects of delayed and shortened treatment . The results showed that the scald incidence of apples of control (0 ℃, air) and conventional CA treatment (0 ℃, 3 %O₂ + 3 %CO₂) were 25. 6 % and 1. 02 % respectively , and their flesh firmness were 5. 79 and 6. 52 kg/ cm2 respectively after 123 days of storage. The apples of special CA treatment (10 ℃, 2 %O₂ + 7. 5 %CO₂) was scald2free after 123 days of storage , its flesh firmness (6. 63 kg/ cm²) was the same as that of conventional CA treatment and significantly higher than that of control . The apples of delayed treatment developed scald (6. 67 %) after 15 days of storage at 10 ℃in
air and 108 days of special CA treatment , its flesh firmness (4. 8 kg/ cm²) was significantly higher than those of control and conventional CA treatment . These results indicted that it is necessary to treat apples with special CA
combination on time. The scald incidence of apples of control , conventional CA treatment and special CA treatment were 46. 9 % , 36. 4 % and 0 respectively after 123 days of storage plus another 58 days of cold storage in air , their flesh firmness were 5. 28 , 5. 21 and 4. 5 kg/ cm² respectively. The apples of special CA treatment was also scald free after 96 days of storage plus another 50 days of cold storage in air , its flesh firmness was 4. 67 kg/ cm². Based on the consideration of both scald incidence and flesh firmness , it is possible to change the duration of special CA treatment from 4 months to 3. 3 months if we want to store apples for about 5 months. The formations ofα2farnesene and conjugated trienes in the peels of apple fruits were significantly inhibited by special CA treatment during CA storage.

Key words: Apples, Storage, Low oxygen controlled atmosphere, Fruit firmness, Superficial scald

中图分类号:

S 661. 1

苑克俊;李震三;张道辉;孙玉刚;张大鹏;胡小松. 延迟和缩短苹果气调处理时间对贮藏效果的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2002, 29(6): 524-528.

Yuan Kejun;Li Zhensan;Zhang Daohui;Sun Yugang;Zhang Dapeng;and Hu Xiaosong. Effects of Delaying and Shortening the New Low Oxygen CA CombinationTreatment Time on the Storage of Apples[J]. ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA, 2002, 29(6): 524-528.

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