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园艺学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 77-87.

• 蔬菜 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫色辣椒夏季坐果率及其主要光合特性分析

隋益虎1,2,钱春桃1,陈劲枫1,*,史建磊1,胡能兵2,曹玉杰1   

  1. (1南京农业大学园艺学院,作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京 210095;2安徽科技学院生命科学学院,安徽凤阳 233100)
  • 收稿日期:2010-02-01 修回日期:2010-12-23 出版日期:2011-01-25 发布日期:2011-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈劲枫

Fruit Setting Rate and Major Photosynthetic Characteristics of Purple Chili Peppers During Summer Conditions

SUI Yi-hu1,2,QIAN Chun-tao1,CHEN Jin-feng1,*,SHI Jian-lei1,HU Neng-bing2,and CAO Yu-jie1   

  1. (1College of Horticulture,State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;2College of Life Science,Anhui Science and Technology University,Fengyang,Anhui 233100,China)
  • Received:2010-02-01 Revised:2010-12-23 Online:2011-01-25 Published:2011-01-25
  • Contact: CHEN Jin-feng

摘要: 夏季在塑料日光温室中采用人工蕾期授粉法,对18份紫色和21份绿色辣椒进行自交,并选择其中10份紫色和9份绿色材料做完全随机相互杂交,统计坐果率;选择叶片颜色具有代表性的5个品种,绿色品种7035、浓紫7033、中紫7037、略紫7034(叶脉为紫色)和略紫7039(叶脉为绿色),检测其叶片色素含量、主要光合过程指标和叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:(1)紫色品种平均自交坐果率(72.19%)高于绿色品种(37.12%),紫色品种×绿色品种坐果率(55.99%)高于绿色品种×紫色品种和(21.60%)。(2)紫色品种叶片花青素(An)含量、叶绿素a、b比值(Chl.a/b)都显著高于绿色品种,但两者Chl.b含量无差异;多数紫色品种的Chl.a及类胡萝卜素(Car)含量高于绿色品种。(3)所有品种的蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)及Pn日变化趋势一致,紫色品种Pn达极大值时的光合有效辐射(PAR)、光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)以及一天中的高温时段实际Pn都显著地高于绿色品种,而表观量子效率(AQY)低于绿色品种。(4)绿色辣椒只在光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的“反应中心水平”减轻过剩能量的伤害,紫色辣椒除此之外还在“天线水平”防止太阳能被原初反应过多吸收;与绿色品种相比,7033和7034所吸收(ABS/CS)、捕获(TRo/CS)和传递(ETo/CS)的能量总量较低,但同时耗散(DIo/CS)也低,而最大荧光(Fm)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和电子传递效率(ETo/TRo)等都很高。

关键词: 紫色辣椒, 花青素, 坐果率, 光合作用, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract: An experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse to assess fruit setting rate and major photosynthetic and chlorophyll characteristics of purple and green chili pepper varieties in summer. For self fruit setting studies,18 and 21 purple and green varieties,respectively were hand pollinated at blossom bud stage. Similarly,10 purple and 9 green chili peppers were randomly selected for reciprocal hybridization to evaluate cross fruit setting rate. Main parameters of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured from 5 varieties of chili pepper with diverse leaf colours,green 7035,high purple 7033,medium purple 7037,slight purple 7034(with purple veins),and slight purple 7039 (with green veins)to assess the pigment content. The following results were obtained:(1)significantly higher fruit self-setting rate of purple(72.19%)than the green chili peppers(37.12%),significantly higher fruit cross-setting rate was recorded. The fruit cross setting rate was 55.99 and 21.60% when purple and green chili pepper varieties were used as female parents respectively. (2)the amount anthocyanin(An)and ratio of chlorophyll a and b(Chl. a/b)were significantly higher in leaves of purple chili than the green ones,amount Chl. a and carotenoid(Car)were also higher in most purple chili peppers,but insignificantly in amount Chl. b. (3)transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs)and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of purple and green chili pepper showed a similar trend of double peak curve. Light compensation point(LCP),light saturation point(LSP)and actual Pn during the day time of high temperatures were significantly higher while apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)were lower in all purple varieties than the green ones. (4)purple chili pepper could prevent excessive absorption of solar energy by pigment antennas besides by partly reversible inactivation of the reaction center(RC)of photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ)to reduce the harm of excess energy absorbed,the only strategy found in green pepper. The energy of dissipation(DIo/CS) as well as absorption(ABS/CS),capture(TRo/CS)and delivery(ETo/CS)in purple varieties 7033 and 7034 was lower,while the maximum of fluorescence(Fm),maximum of photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),potential photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fo)and electron transport efficiency(ETo/TRo)were higher than the green pepper.

Key words: chili pepper, purple, pigment, fruit setting rate, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence

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