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园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (4): 719-732.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0540

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

碱基编辑技术及其在作物遗传改良中的应用综述

李国斌, 艾国, 韦静, 张俊红()   

  1. 华中农业大学园艺林学学院,园艺植物生物学教育部重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-23 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 张俊红 E-mail:zhangjunhng@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101900)

Review of Base Editing Technology and its Application in Crop Genetic Improvement

LI Guobin, AI Guo, WEI Jing, ZHANG Junhong()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology,Ministry of Education,Huazhong Agricultural University,College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Wuhan 430070,China
  • Received:2020-12-23 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-04-29
  • Contact: ZHANG Junhong E-mail:zhangjunhng@mail.hzau.edu.cn

摘要:

碱基编辑技术是以CRISPR/Cas系统为基础开发的一种能够对基因组进行定点精准编辑的新技术,包括胞嘧啶碱基编辑系统(cytosine base editor,CBE),腺嘌呤碱基编辑系统(adenine base editor,ABE)以及引导编辑系统(prime editing,PE)。胞嘧啶碱基编辑系统可以将基因组靶位点处的C/G转换为T/A,腺嘌呤碱基编辑系统可以将靶位点处的A/T转变为G/C,而引导编辑系统则可以实现所有12种类型(C-T、G-A、A-G、T-C、C-A、C-G、G-C、G-T、A-C、A-T、T-A、T-G)碱基的任意替换以及碱基的插入和删除。本文中系统介绍了这3种碱基编辑系统的原理、开发过程、各自的优缺点以及在作物遗传改良中的应用和发展,并展望了碱基编辑技术在农作物育种中的应用前景。

关键词: 碱基编辑技术, 胞嘧啶碱基编辑系统(CBE), 腺嘌呤剪辑编辑系统(ABE), 引导编辑系统(PE), 作物改良

Abstract:

The base editing is a new technology developed on the basis of the CRISPR/Cas system that can precisely edit the genome. It includes cytosine base editor(CBE),adenine base editor(ABE)and the latest prime editing(PE). The cytosine base editor can convert C/G to T/A at the target site of the genome,the adenine base editor can convert the A/T to G/C,while the prime editing can realize all 12 types nucleotides replacing(C-T,G-A,A-G,T-C,C-A,C-G,G-C,G-T,A-C,A-T,T-A,T-G),and the bases insertion and deletion. This article makes a systematic introduction of the principles,development processes,respective advantages and disadvantages of the three base editors,and their applications and developments in crop genetic improvement. Meanwhile,It looks forward to the application prospects of base editing technology in crop breeding.

Key words: base editing, cytosine base editor(CBE), adenine base editor(ABE), prime editing(PE), crop development

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