关键词: 苹果, 黄土高原, 叶片营养, 果实品质, 相关性

Abstract: The objective of this experiment is to find out the effects of leaf nutrients on fruit quality in‘Fuji’apple. The leaf mineral nutrients and fruit quality were surveyed at 108‘Fuji’orchards in Loess Plateau during 2012 and 2013. The methods of canonical correlation analysis were applied to screen the major leaf nutrient elements affecting fruit quality，obtain optimum proposal of leaf nutrient elements for good apple qualities，and point out the existing problems in leaf nutrients. The results showed that thewhole apple quality in Loess Plateau was fine，but the fruit firmness was relatively low，the variation of titratable acid was slightly larger. The mass per fruit was influenced by leaf mineral nutrients K，P，Mg，Fe，Ca and K > P > Mg > Fe > Ca；Fruit firmness was affected by leaf mineral nutrients Mg，K，P，Ca，Fe and Mg > K > P > Ca > Fe，soluble solids was affected by leaf mineral nutrients Mg，K，P，Zn，Ca and Mg > K > P > Zn > Ca，titratable acid was influenced by leaf mineral nutrients Mg，K，N，Zn and Mg > K > N > Zn，the order of fruit shape index affected by leaf mineral nutrients was Mg > K > P > Fe > Ca. The optimum proposals for leaf nutrient elements content of high quality apple were：21.5–26.6 g ? kg-1，1.18–1.86 g ? kg-1，5.5–11.6 g ? kg-1，13.6–26.1 g ? kg-1，4.8 g ? kg-1，15.0–75.0 mg ? kg-1，100.0–180.0 mg ? kg-1 of total N，P，K，Ca，Mg，Zn and Fe，respectively. And mass per fruit，fruit firmness，soluble solids，titratable acid and fruit shape index will achieve 382.5 g，8.59 kg ? cm-2，19.11%，0.157% and 0.93. In the investigated orchards， total P，K，Ca，Fe content are higher，the total N and total Zn content are relatively appropriate. In addition，leaf nutrient content is higher in the whole investigated orchards. In order to manage tree nutrients in the future，it is a key point to fertilize reasonablely，balance tree nutrients and prevent vigorous growth.

Key words: apple, Loess Plateau, leaf nutrient, fruit quality, correlation analysis