荔枝液态胚乳对果实生长和脱落的影响

园艺学报 ›› 2006, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 23-27.

荔枝液态胚乳对果实生长和脱落的影响

李建国^{1, 2} ;黄辉白¹

¹华南农业大学园艺学院南方果树生理研究室, 广州510642; ²华南农业大学中国荔枝研究中心, 广州510642

收稿日期:2005-06-10 修回日期:2005-08-02 出版日期:2006-02-25 发布日期:2006-02-25

The Influence of Liquid Endosperm on Fruit Abscission and Growth of Litchichinensis Sonn.

Li J ianguo^{1, 2} and Huang Huibai¹

¹Laboratory of Physiology for Southern China Fruits, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; ² China L itchi Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642,China

Received:2005-06-10 Revised:2005-08-02 Online:2006-02-25 Published:2006-02-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以种子正常型的‘白蜡’荔枝品种为试材, 通过针刺抽取液态胚乳的试验, 考察了液态胚乳
对果实生长、脱落和大小的影响。研究结果表明, 针刺抽乳和不抽乳处理均显著促进落果和抑制果实的生长, 且处理时期越早, 对果实脱落和生长的影响越大, 如花后30 d处理后8 d的累积落果率达到93.3% ,
花后36 d处理后15 d的累积落果率介于73.3% ～80%之间, 对照的累积落果率则均低于10%。针刺抽乳
处理导致形成种子败育的小果实, 针刺不抽乳处理导致形成小核的小果实, 对照则产生正常大核种子的大
果实, 说明早期种皮和液态胚乳的发育对荔枝果实坐果、种子和果实发育有重要影响。本研究结果直接证
实荔枝果实组织间存在着种皮→果皮→假种皮的顺序性影响的“球皮对球胆效应”理论。

关键词: 荔枝, 液态胚乳, 果实脱落, 果实生长

Abstract: Effects of liquid endosperm on fruit growth, abscission and size were conducted using normal-seeded cultivar‘Baila’ litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. ) as a material by puncturing with and without extraction of liquid endosperm within a seed. The results showed that treatments of puncturing with and without abstraction of liquid endosperm obviously increased fruit abscission 〔the cumulative abscission rate (CAR) treated at the 30th and 36th days after anthesiswas 93.3% and 73.3% - 80% respectively, while CAR of the control was lower than 10%〕and depressed fruit growth, and these negative effects were aggravated by earlier
treatments. Puncturing plus extraction of liquid endosperm treatment induced aborted-seeded small-fruit and
puncturing without extraction of liquid endosperm treatment gave rise to small-seeded small-fruit, while the control produced normal-seeded larger-fruit. It implies that the development of seedcoat and endosperm have
more important effects on fruit set and the development of seed and fruit. Moreover, the results provided the
direct experimental evidence for substantiating the ‘ball-skin versus bladder effect’ notionin during litchi fruit development, in which effects of seedcoat→pericarp→aril in order existed inside a litchi fruit tissue.

Key words: Litchi, Litchi chinensis Sonn., Liquid endosperm, Fruit abscission, Fruit growth

李建国;;黄辉白. 荔枝液态胚乳对果实生长和脱落的影响[J]. 园艺学报, 2006, 33(1): 23-27.

Li J ianguo; and Huang Huibai. The Influence of Liquid Endosperm on Fruit Abscission and Growth of Litchichinensis Sonn.[J]. ACTA HORTICULTURAE SINICA, 2006, 33(1): 23-27.

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