烟管菌‘M1’对番茄灰霉病的防治及促生作用

doi:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0949

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究烟管菌(Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’)对番茄灰霉病的生物防治作用,通过平板对峙、带药平板培养以及温室盆栽试验研究了烟管菌‘M1’及其发酵液对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)生长的抑制作用,对番茄灰霉病的防治效果和对植株的促生作用。对峙试验结果表明,菌株‘M1’可显著抑制灰葡萄孢菌丝的生长,光学显微镜与扫描电镜发现‘M1’菌丝可以穿插、缠绕灰葡萄孢菌丝,使灰葡萄孢菌丝出现膨大、扭曲、萎缩等现象,有明显的重寄生作用。拮抗试验表明,菌株‘M1’发酵液(Bj. adustafermentation broth)对灰葡萄孢的抑制率为47.90%,与化学农药腐霉利(Procymidone)效果相当。盆栽试验表明,与只接种灰葡萄孢孢子悬浮液处理相比,施用‘M1’发酵液使番茄灰霉病的病情指数显著降低,防治效果为55.2%;番茄叶片中过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别增加了29.57%、136.15%和534.13%;叶片丙二醛含量和电解质相对外渗率分别下降了19.98%和51.10%,减轻了病菌对植株的损害;番茄的株高、茎粗、地上部分生物量和叶片叶绿素含量也分别显著增加了63.92%、38.04%、87.08%和35.02%,‘M1’发酵液促生效果明显。上述结果表明,烟管菌‘M1’及其发酵液对灰葡萄孢生长有抑制作用,同时其发酵液不仅对番茄灰霉病有较好的防效,还对番茄植株具一定的促生作用。

关键词: 番茄, 烟管菌, 灰葡萄孢, 灰霉病, 植株生长

Abstract:

The biocontrol efficiency of a local isolate of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’against the gray mold and growth promotion in tomato was studied in order to further understand its potential function in agriculture. The confrontation culture,fermentation broth inhibition and greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effect ofBj. adusta‘M1’and its fermentation broth on theBotrytis cinerea Pers.,and their biocontrol efficiency against the tomato gray mold and plant growth promotion. The growth of Bo. cinerea was obviously suppressed by Bj. adusta‘M1’through the observations of their confrontation culture. Results from the optical and scanning electron microscopic observations showed that the hyphae ofBo. cinerea were interspersed and twined by Bj. adusta‘M1’,and resulted in hyphal swelling, atrophy and deformation,indicating a strong mycoparasitism. Results from the plate antagonism test indicated that the inhibition rate of theBj. adusta‘M1’fermentation broth againstBo. cinereareached up to 47.90%,which was equivalent to that of the chemical procymidone. Compared to the Bo. cinereaspore suspension application,the greenhouse pot experiment showed that the disease index of gray mold was significantly decrease,and 55.2% control effect was thus obtained;the activity of leaf peroxidase,superoxide dismutase and catalase was significantly increased by 29.57%,136.15% and 534.13%,respectively. Meanwhile,the malondialdehyde content and the relative electrolyte leakage rate were significantly reduced by 19.98% and 51.10%,indicating a reduction of the pathogen damage to plants. Plant height,stem thickness,aboveground biomass and leaf chlorophyll content in tomato plants were increased significantly by 63.92%,38.04%,87.08%,and 35.02%,respectively. These results demonstrate that Bj. adusta‘M1’,and its fermentation broth can inhibit theBo. cinerea growth and effectively control the gray mold,while promoting the tomato growth. This study concludes that Bj. adusta‘M1’has a great potential to control gray mold in the field.

Key words: tomato, Bjerkandera adusta, Botrytis cinerea, gray mold, plant growth

中图分类号:

S641.2

张静洁, 朱云云, 卢亦帆, 李勇. 烟管菌‘M1’对番茄灰霉病的防治及促生作用[J]. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(5): 960-972.

ZHANG Jingjie, ZHU Yunyun, LU Yifan, LI Yong. Effects of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’on Gray Mold Prevention and Growth Promotion in Tomato[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(5): 960-972.

图/表 7

图1 烟管菌菌株‘M1’与灰葡萄孢的对峙培养 A:为对峙图,平板左侧为烟管菌‘M1’,右侧为灰葡萄孢菌;B:对照图只接种灰葡萄孢菌。

Fig. 1 Confront culture test of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’andBotrytis cinerea A:Picture of the confrontation,the left side of the plate is Bj. adusta‘M1’,and the right side isBo. cinerea;B:Picture of control,which is only inoculated withBo. Cinerea.

图 2 培养基中烟管菌‘M1’无菌发酵液(BAFB)和农药腐霉利(Pr)对灰葡萄孢的拮抗作用

Fig. 2 Antagonistic effect of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and Procymidone(Pr)onBotrytis cinerea in culture medium

图3 光学显微镜下菌株‘M1’对灰葡萄孢菌丝形态的影响 A:烟管菌‘M1’正常菌丝;B:灰葡萄孢正常菌丝;C ~ F:对峙区的异常菌丝;Bj.:烟管菌菌丝;Bo.:灰葡萄孢菌丝;a:膨大变形;b:缠绕;c:插入;d:扭曲、萎缩。

Fig. 3 Effects of Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’on hyphal morphology ofBotrytis cinerea under optical microscope A:Normal hyphae of Bj. adusta‘M1’;B:Normal hyphae ofBo. cinerea;C-F:Abnormal hyphae of confrontation zone;Bj.:Hyphae of Bj. adusta‘M1’;Bo.:Hyphae of Bo. cinereaPers.;a:Swelling deformation;b:Winding;c:Penetration;d:Distortion and atrophy.

图4 扫描电镜下烟管菌‘M1’对灰葡萄孢的重寄生作用 Bj.:烟管菌菌丝;Bo.:灰葡萄孢菌丝;a:缠绕;b:扭曲、萎缩;c:插入。

Fig. 4 The mycoparasitism of strain‘M1’againstBotrytis cinerea under scanning electron microscope Bj.:Hyphae of Bj. adusta‘M1’;Bo.:Hyphae of Bo. cinerea;a:Winding;b:Distortion and atrophy;c:Penetration.

表1 喷施烟管菌‘M1’(BAFB)和腐霉利(Pr)对接种灰葡萄孢(BCS)番茄植株的防效

Table 1 Control effect of sprayingBjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and procymidone(Pr)on tomato plants inoculated withBotrytis cinerea(BCS)

处理 Treatment	病情指数 Disease index	防效/% Control effect
蒸馏水Sterile water	0 c	—
BCS	77.3 ± 4.99 a	—
BAFB + BCS	35.1 ± 6.00 b	55.2 ± 5.20 a
Pr + BCS	30.0 ± 6.48 b	61.4 ± 7.15 a

图5 喷施烟管菌‘M1’(BAFB)和腐霉利(Pr)对接种灰葡萄孢(BCS)番茄植株相关酶、丙二醛和细胞膜透性的影响柱状图短竖线表示平均值±标准误(n = 3),同一柱状图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P< 0. 05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of spraying Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and procymidone(Pr)on defense enzymes,malondialdehyde content and cell membrane permeability of tomato plants inoculated withBotrytis cinerea(BCS) Vertical bars represent mean ± SE value(n = 3),different lowercase letters in the same bar represent significant differences(P< 0.05)among different treatments under Duncan’s range test.

图6 喷施烟管菌‘M1’(BAFB)和腐霉利(Pr)对接种灰葡萄孢(BCS)番茄植株生长的影响柱状图短竖线表示平均值 ± 标准误( n = 3),同一柱状图中不同小写字母表示差异显著(P< 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Effect of spraying Bjerkandera adusta‘M1’fermentation broth(BAFB)and procymidone(Pr)on the growth of tomato plants inoculated withBotrytis cinerea(BCS) Vertical bars represent mean ±SE value(n= 3),different lowercase letters in the same bar represent significant differences(P< 0.05).among different treatments under Duncan’s range test.

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