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园艺学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 539-552.doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0474

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

珍稀濒危植物江南牡丹草种群结构和繁育系统研究

虞钦岚1, 刘守赞2,*(), 徐韧析谋1, 潘晨航1, 颜忆铭1, 王义英1, 夏国华1,**()   

  1. 1浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江临安 311300
    2浙江农林大学植物园,浙江临安 311300
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-12 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-04-02
  • 通讯作者: 刘守赞,夏国华 E-mail:szliu@zafu.edu.cn;zjfc_ghxia@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央财政支持地方高校发展专项(浙财科教(2018)33 号);浙江省林业局林业发展和资源保护专项(浙林规(2019)90 号)

Population Structure and Breeding Systems of Rare and Endangered Gymnospermium kiangnanense(Berberidaceae)

YU Qinlan1, LIU Shouzan2,*(), XU Renximou1, PAN Chenhang1, YAN Yiming1, WANG Yiying1, XIA Guohua1,**()   

  1. 1School of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Lin'an,Zhejiang 311300,China
    2Botanical Garden,Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University,Lin'an,Zhejiang 311300,China
  • Received:2020-08-12 Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-04-02
  • Contact: LIU Shouzan,XIA Guohua E-mail:szliu@zafu.edu.cn;zjfc_ghxia@126.com

摘要:

野外调查发现,珍稀濒危植物江南牡丹草(Gymnospermium kiangnanense)资源量日益萎缩,其药用和园艺观赏开发受到较大限制。为揭示江南牡丹草的种群结构和繁育系统特征,对分布于浙江淳安临岐和诸暨璜山的2个天然种群开展了样地调查,编制了种群特定时间生命表,分析了存活曲线、生存函数,运用时间序列模型预测种群数量动态,对杂交指数、花粉/胚珠比、花粉活力、柱头可授性以及传粉昆虫等繁育系统特性进行测定。结果表明:(1)淳安种群为中龄级比例较大的纺锤形结构,诸暨种群幼龄级和老龄级比例较大、中龄级严重缺乏;2个种群均表现为衰退型,存活曲线均趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型;(2)花部表现出泛化传粉类型的特征,P/O值为7 920,繁育系统类型为异交,需要传粉者;主要传粉昆虫为中华蜜蜂、黑带食蚜蝇等;其通过短期内高密度集中开花的开花式样、泛化传粉系统以及早春空白生态位来提高传粉效率,保障传粉成功。

关键词: 江南牡丹草, 珍稀濒危植物, 种群结构, 繁育系统

Abstract:

Gymnospermium kiangnanense(P. L. Chiu),a rare and endangered plant in China,is a kind of early spring flowering plant of Berberidaceae. Field investigation shows that resources of G. kiangnanense is decreasing day by day,which limits its medicinal and horticultural development. In order to reveal the population structure and breeding system characteristics of G. kiangnanense,two natural populations distributed in Chun'an County and Zhuji City,Zhejiang Province were investigated. In this paper,the specific time life table of the population was compiled,the survival curve and survival function were analyzed,and the population dynamics was predicted by using the time series model,and the breeding system characteristics(hybridization index,pollen/ovule ratio,pollen vitality,stigma receptivity and pollinator insects)were used for determination. Our results showed that:(1) Chun'an population was spindle structure with a large proportion of middle age class,while that of Zhuji population was seriously deficient in middle age class;both populations were in decline type,and their survival curves tended to Deevey-Ⅱtype;(2) Flower characteristics ofG. kiangnanense showed generalized pollination type with P/O value of 7 920;main pollinators of G. kiangnanense were Apis cerana and Episyrphus balteatus,etc.;many ways to ensure success of pollination were involved,for example,the pollination efficiency of G. kiangnanense was improved through the short-term high-density concentrated flowering pattern,extensive pollination system and blank niche in early spring. This paper reveals the causes of G. kiangnanensepopulation formation and predicts the future development trend of the population,so as to provide decision-making basis for the protection and restoration of natural population.

Key words: Gymnospermium kiangnanense, rare and endangered plant, population structure, breeding system

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