关键词: 葡萄, 设施, 促早栽培, 必需元素, 矿质营养, 需求特性

Abstract: Grape cultivar‘87-1’，grafted on Beda and planted in greenhouse，was used for detecting the mineral elements content. Whole plant sampling of 7 key growing stages（germination，initial flowering，the end of flowering，seed development，veraison，maturityand abscission），repeated for two years from 2016—2018，were detected. The absorption amount，ratio of distribution and demand of different annual growth stages were calculated，so that to clarify thedemand of each mineral element in the condition of greenhouse cultivation for early promoting，and provide the theoretical foundation for the efficient use of grape fertilizers and the research of products. The results indicate：(1)During the stage of germination and initial flowering，it has a large absorption demand for various nutrients，the absorption and distribution ratio is about 10% of the year，the ratio of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium，boron，copper and manganese are all exceeds 14%，especially the potassium absorption reach to 21.1%，but the absorption rate of various nutrients was medium. The requirement and absorption of each nutrient from the initial flowering to the end of flowering is the smallest stage of the year，but the absorption and distribution ratio of each nutrient at this stage is also as high as about 10%，for example，nitrogen and molybdenum are 13.0% and 15.3%，respectively，at this stage，the absorption rate is high. The stage from the end of flowering to seed development is not the maximum demand period for all nutrient absorption，but the absorption and distribution ratio of each nutrient basically exceeds 20%，it has the highest absorption amount for nitrogen，potassiumand boron compared with other stage，their yearly distribution ratio are 30.1%，35.0% and 34.9% ，respectively；the absorption demand for magnesium，iron，manganese，zinc，copper，and molybdenum ranks second among in all growth stages，and the absorption and distribution ratios are 23.2%，27.1%，and 23.1，21.6%，19.9% and 30.3%，respectively；the absorption and demand for phosphorus and calcium ranks third among in all growth stages，and the absorption and distribution ratios are 18.9% and 20.6%，respectively；at this stage，the absorption rate of various nutrients is relatively large. During the stage from the veraison to maturity，the absorption and distribution ratios of phosphorus，calcium and molybdenum were larger，reach to 24.6%，21.9% and 25.5%，respectively；the absorption and distribution ratios of nitrogen，iron，manganese and zinc were lower than the above elements，reach to 18.8%，17.2%，16.0% and 18.4%，respectively；the absorption and distribution ratios of potassium，magnesium，boron and copper are the smallest at this stage，with yearly ratios of 14.3%，15.5%，15.6%，and 14.7%，respectively；the absorption rate of each nutrient is large in this stage. In the maturity to abscission stage，the demand for absorption of most nutrients is the highest in all stages of growth，the absorption and distribution ratios of phosphorus，calcium，magnesium，copper，iron，manganese，molybdenum and zincare as high as 33.8%，37.5%，42.6%，41.1%，33.9%，35.0%，33.8% and 38.7%，respectively，only nitrogen，potassium and boron are slightly lower，but their absorption requirements amount are also ranks second and third level with a ratio of more than 18%；at this stage，the absorption rate of the nutrients are lower. (2)The demand for calcium by facility grape plants is the largest，which are 1.34 times of potassium，1.35 times of nitrogen，3.29 times of phosphorus，and 5.95 times of magnesium respectively. In summary，the absorption of various mineral nutrients runs through the entire annual growth cycle of grapes，and the absorption and distribution ratio and absorption rate vary depending on the growth stage；table grapes are not only potassium crops，but also calcium crops.

Key words: grape, the protected cultural early maturity cultivation, essential elements, mineral nutrition, requirement characteristics